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AP World > Class Questions Mrs. Braunstein - Unit 8 and 9 > Flashcards

Class Questions Mrs. Braunstein - Unit 8 and 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The Great War

A

Another name for World War I (1914–1918), due to its unprecedented scale and impact

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2
Q

MANIA - Causes of WWI

A

M: Militarism
A: Alliances
N: Nationalism
I: Imperialism
A: Assassination

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3
Q

Nationalism

A

Devotion to one’s nation, often leading to the desire for independence or superiority - rising force in Europe

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4
Q

Chauvinism

A

Aggressive or exaggerated patriotism

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5
Q

Jingoism

A

Extreme nationalism favoring an aggressive foreign policy

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6
Q

Alsace and Lorraine

A

Territories contested between France and Germany

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7
Q

Triple Entente

A

Alliance of France, Russia, and Britain before WWII

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8
Q

Triple Alliance

A

Pre-WWI alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

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9
Q

The powder keg of Europe

A

Nickname for the Balkans due to political tension and nationalist uprisings

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10
Q

Gavrilo Princip

A

Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; member of the Black Hand

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11
Q

Black Hand

A

Serbian nationalist group seeking to unite all Slavs

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12
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

Archduke of Austria-Hungary; his assassination triggered WWI

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13
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

Germany’s military plan to quickly defeat France and then Russia

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14
Q

War Guilt Clause

A

Part of Treaty of Versailles blaming Germany for WWI

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15
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

German chancellor who unified Germany; practiced Realpolitik

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16
Q

Realpolitik:

A

Realistic, pragmatic politics; practical over moral

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17
Q

Allies

A

France, Britain, Russia, Italy (later), US (1917)

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18
Q

Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

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19
Q

Trench Warfare

A

Type of fighting with deep ditches; caused stalemates

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20
Q

No Man’s Land

A

Dangerous land between enemy trenches

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21
Q

Zeppelin

A

German airships were used for reconnaissance and bombing

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22
Q

Mustard Gas

A

Chemical weapon causing severe blisters, blindness, and death

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23
Q

Brest-Litovsk

A

Treaty where Russia exited WWI, ceding land to Germany

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24
Q

Paul von Hidenburg

A

German general; later became President of Germany

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25
Theodor Duesterberg
German politician and WWI veteran, a nationalist
26
Ernst Thalmann
German communist leader, opponent of Nazis
27
Hitler and the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
Far-right party led by Hitler, rose to power in post WWI chaos
28
Mein Kampf
Hitler's autobiography and political manifesto
29
Woodrow Wilson
US President during WWI; created 14 Points of Peace
30
14 Points of Peace
Wilson's proposal for postwar peace and self-determination
31
League of Nations
International organization to prevent war; precursor to UN
32
Treaty of Versailles
1919 peace treaty that ended WWI and punished Germany harshly
33
Isolationism
U.S. foreign policy of avoiding foreign entanglements
34
Hyperinflation
Extreme devaluation of currency; happened in Weimar Germany post-WWI
35
Great Depression
Global economic downturn starting in 1929
36
Okies
Displaced farmers from Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl
37
Hoovervilles
Makeshift towns built by the homeless during the Great Depression
38
New Deal
FDR's programs to combat the Great Depression through reforms and public works
39
Benito Mussolini/II Duce
Fascist dictator of Italy
40
Black Shirts
Mussolini's paramilitary supporters
41
Bolsheviks
Radical Marxist group that seized power in Russia in 1917
42
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Leader of the Bolsheviks; first leader of Soviet Russia
43
Reds vs Whites
Russian Civil War between communists (Reds) and anti-communists (Whites)
44
Leon Trotsky
Lenin's ally; leader of the Red Army
45
Joseph Stalin
Lenin's successor; dictator of USSR; implemented 5 Year Plans
46
5 year plans
Stalin's centralized economic plans to industrialize the USSR
47
Spanish Civil War
Pre-WWII conflict where facist Francisco Franco took power
48
Francisco Franco
Fascist leader of Spain; ruled from 1939-1975R
49
Rome-Berlin Axis
Alliance between Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany
50
Anschuluss
Annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938
51
Sudentenland
Area of Czechoslovakia taken by Hiter pre-WWII
52
Appeasement
Policy of giving in to Hitler's demands to avoid war
53
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister during WWII; strong anti-appeasement leader
54
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
1939 agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack each other
55
Blitzkrieg
Lightening war - rapid military attacks by Germany
56
Luftwaffe vs RAF
German air force vs British Royal Air Force
57
Holocaust
Genocide of 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany
58
Auschwitz, Treblinka
Nazi extermination camps in Poland
59
Tojo
Japanese general and Prime Minister during WWII
60
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941: Suprise Japanese attack on US; led to US entering WWII
61
Normandy Invasion
D-Day: allied landing in France on June 6, 1944
62
Operation Overlord
Code name for D-Day invasion
63
Enigma and Ultra
British codebreaking efforts; helped decipher German messages
64
VE Day
Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945
65
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
Japanese cities bombed by US atomic weapons in Aug 1945
66
United Nations
International peacekeeping organization formed in 1945
67
Cold War
Political and ideological conflict between US and USSR (1945-1991)
68
Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam
WWII conferences between Allies on postwar plans
69
George Kennan
US diplomat; developed the Containment policy
70
Containment
US policy to stop spread of communism
71
Iron Curtain
Term by Churchill symbolizing division between East and West Europe
72
Truman Doctrine
US aid to countries resisting communism (1947)
73
Marshall Plan
US economic aid to rebuild Europe and resist communism
74
NATO
Western military alliance against the Soviet threat (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
75
Warsaw Pact
Soviet response to NATO; alliances of communist nations
76
Domino Theory
Belief that if onec country fell to communist, others would follow
77
Korea, Vietnam
Wars where US intervened to stop communism
78
NSC-68
1950 US document calling for expanded military to fight communism
79
Sputnik
First satellite, launched by USSR; sparked space race
80
H-Bomb (Mike, Bravo)
Hydrogen bombs tested by US; much stronger than atomic bombs
81
Massive Retaliation
US policy of threatening response to Soviet aggression
82
Military Industrial Complex
Warning by Eisenhower about the defence industry influence
83
ICBM
Intercontinental ballistic missile, capable of carrying nuclear weapons
84
Star Wars/SDI
Reagan's plan for space-based missle defense system
85
Collectivization
Stalin's policy of consolidating farms into state-run enterprises
86
Stalinization
Spread of Stalin's methods and totalitarian rule in Eastern Europe
87
5 Year Plans
Centralized economic planning under communist regimes
88
Stalin, Khrushchev
Soviet leaders: Khruschev de-Stalinized the USSR
89
Kennedy
US President during Cuban Missile Crsis
90
Cuban Missle Crisis
1962 standoff between US and USSR over missiles in Cuba
91
Brezhnev
Soviet leader after Khrushchev; repressed dissent
92
Détente
Easing of Cold War tensions in 1970s
93
Gorbachev
Last Soviet leader; introduced reforms
94
Perestroika
Economic restructuring
95
Glasnost
Political openness
96
Yeltsin
First President of post-Soviet Russia
97
Putin
Long-serving Russian leader; former KGB agent
98
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Offers financial aid to countries with balance of payment issues
99
World Bank
Provides loans and grants for development projects
100
The United Nations (UN)
Global organization promoting peace, security, and cooperation
101
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Companies operating in multiple countries
102
World Health Organization (WHO)
UN agency for global health
103
INGOs
International Non-Governmental Organizations; e.g., Amnesty International
104
Amnesty International
Human rights watchdog NGO
105
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
106
AIDS
Global epidemic; major health issue, especially in developing nations

AP World (13 decks)

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