Chapter 29 Flashcards by Jasmine Kaur

Pacific Rim

Region including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan; typified by rapid growth rates, expanding exports, and industrialization; either Chinese or strongly influenced by Confucian values; considerable reliance on government planning and direction, limitations on dissent, and instability

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Taiwan

Island off Chinese mainland; became refuge for Nationalist Chinese regime under Chiang Kai-shek as Republic of China in 1948; successfully retained independence with aid of United States; rapidly industrialized after 1950s

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General Douglas MacArthur

head of the American occupation government. Worked to quickly tear down Japan’s wartime political structure

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Liberal Democratic Party

Monopolized Japanese government from its formation in 1955 into 1990s; largely responsible for the economic reconstruction of Japan

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Republic of Korea

Southern half of Korea sponsored by US followed WWII; headed by nationalist Syngman Rhee; developed parliamentary institutions but maintained authoritarian government; defended by UN forces during Korean War; underwent industrialization and economic emergence after 1950s

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People’s Democratic Republic of Korea

Northern half of Korea dominated by USSR; long headed by Kim Il-sung; attacked South Korea in 1950 and initiated Korean War; retained independence as a communist state after the war

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Korean War

Fought from 1950 to 1953; North supported by USSR and later People’s Republic of China; South supported by United States and small international United Nations fore; ended in stalemate and continued division of Korea

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Hong Kong

British colony on Chinese mainland; major commercial center; agreement reached between Britain and People’s Republic of China returned the colony to China in 1997

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Hiraoka Kimitake

flamboyant post-war writer

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Syngman Rhee

forced out of office by student demonstrations in 1960; one year later, a military general, Park Chung-hee, seized power

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Hyundai

Multinational automobile manufacturer that serves as an example of the huge industrial groups that wield great power in modern South Korea; virtually governed Korea’s southeastern coast; vertical economic organization with ships, supertankers, factories, schools, and housing units

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Chiang Ching-kuo

Son and successor of Chiang Kai-shek as ruler of Taiwanese government in 1978; continued authoritarian government; attempted to lessen gap between followers of his father and indigenous islanders

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Lee Kuan Yew

Ruler of Singapore from independence in 1959 through three decades; established tightly controlled authoritarian government; ruled through People’s Action Party to suppress political diversity

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Little Tigers

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand - experienced rapid economic growth and pollution problems

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Peoples Republic of China

Communist government of mainland China; proclaimed in 1949 following military success of Mao Zedong over forces of Chiang Kai-shek

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Lin Biao

Chinese commander under Mao; trained at Chiang Kai-shek’s Whampoa Academy in 1920s

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Party cadres

basis of China’s communist government organization; cadre advisors were attached to military contingents at all levels

People’s Liberation Army

Chinese communist army; administered much of country under People’s Republic of China

Mass Line

Economic policy of Mao Zedong; led to formation of agricultural cooperatives in 1955; cooperatives became farming collectives in 1956

Great Leap Forward

Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958; proposed industrialization of small-scale projects integrated into peasant communes; led to economic disaster; ended in 1960

Pragmatists

Chinese Communist politicians such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Liu Shaoqi; determined to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level; opposed Great Leap Forward

Zhou Enlai

After Mao Zedong, the most important leader of the Communist Party in China from the 1930s until his death in 1976; premier of China from 1954l; notable as perhaps the most cosmopolitan and moderate of the inner circle of Communist leaders

Liu Shaoqi

Chinese Communist pragmatist; with Deng Xiaoping, came to power in 1959 after Mao was replaced; determined to restore state direction and market incentives at local level; purged in 1966 as Mao returned to power

Jiang Qing

Wife of Mao Zedong; one of Gang of Four; opposed pragmatists and supported Cultural Revolution of 1965; was arrested and imprisoned for life in 1976

Cultural Revolution

Movement initiated in 1965 by Mao Zedong to restore his dominance over pragmatists; used mobs to ridicule Mao’s political rivals; campaign was called of in 1968

Red Guard

Student bridges utilized by Mao Zedong and his political allies during the Cultural Revolution to discredit Mao’s political enemies

Gang of Four

Jiang Qing and three political allies who attempted to seize control of the Communist government in China from the pragmatists, arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1976 following Mao Zedong's death

Zhou Enlai

second only to Mao in stature as a revolutionary hero and who had constantly backed the pragmatists

Tayson Rebellion

Peasant revolution in Southern Vietnam during the late 1770s; succeeded in toppling the Nguyen dynasty; subsequently unseated the Trihn dynasty of Northern Vietnam

Ngyuen Anh

Last surviving member of Nguyen dynasty following Tayson Rebellion in Vietnam; with French support retook Southern Vietnam; drove Tayson from Northern Vietnam by 1802; proclaimed himself emperor with capital at Hue; also known as Gia Long

Mihn Mang

Second emperor of a united Vietnam; successor of Nguyen Ahn; ruled from 1820 to 1841; sponsored emphasis of Confucianism; persecuted Catholics

Vietnames Natialist Party

Englished translation of Vietnamese party name Quac Dan Dong or VNQDD; active in 1920s as revolutionary force commited to violent overthrown of French colonialism

Communist Party of Vietnam

Originally a wing of nationalist movement; became the primary nationalist party after the decline of VNQDD in 1921; led in late 1920s by Nguyen AI Quac, allies Ho Chi Mihn

Ho Chi Minh

Also known as Ngyuen Ai Quoc, among other aliases; led Vietnamese Communist Party in struggle for liberation from French and US dominance and to unify North and South Vietnam

Viet Minh

Communist-dominated Vietnamese nationalist movement; operated out of base in Southern China during World War II; employed guerilla tactics similar to the Maoists in China

Vo Nguyen Giap

One of the original and inner core of leaders of the Vietnamese Communist Party, Giap emerged as the chief military strategist of the guerilla wars against the French and Americans

Dien Bien Pho

Most significant victory of the Viet Minh over French colonial force

Ngo Dinh Diem

Political leader of South Vietnam established as president with US support in the 1950s; opposed communist government of North Vietnam; overthrown by military coup approved by US

Viet Cong

Name given by Diem regime to communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam; reorganized with Northern Vietnamese assistance as the National Liberation Front in 1958

Command Economy

Economic system where government controls production, distribution, and pricing of goods and services