Chapter 24 Flashcards
Guomindang
Word for Nationalist
National Socialist (Nazi) Party
Also known as the Nazi Party; led by Adolf Hitler in Germany; picked up political support during the economic chaos of the Great Depression; advocated authoritarian state under a single leader, agressive foreign policy to reverse humilation of the Versailles treaty; took power in Germany in 1933
Winston Churchill
British prime minister during World War II; responsible for British resistance to German air assaults
Kuomintang capital
Moved from Beijing to Nanjing, the original capital of Ming dynasty and purge of final Qing dynasty
Tripartite Pact
joined three expansive Axis states in a loose alliance, not signed until September 1940
Anglo-American and Soviet alliance
Three great allied powers; Great Britain, United State, and Soviet Union
Blitzkrieg
German term for lightening warfare; involved rapid movement of airplanes, tanks, and mechanized troop carriers; resulsted in early German victories over Belgium, the Netherlands, and France in the WWII - “lightening war”
Vichy
French collaborationist government established in 1940 in Southern France following defeat of French armies by the Germans
Battle of Britain
1940 Nazi air offensive, including saturation bombing of London and other British innovative air tactics and radar tracking of German assault aircraft
Holocaust
Term for Hitler’s genocide of European Jews during WWII; resulted in deaths of 6 million Jews
Pearl Harbor
American naval base in Hawaii, attach by japanese on this facility in December 1941 crippled American fleet in the Pacific and caused entry of United States into WW1
Battle of Coral Sea
WWII Pacific battle; American and Japanese forces fought to a standoff
Midway Island
WWII Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force
United States Strategic Bombing Survey
a survey regarding the bombing - written and created by board of experts
United Nations (UN)
International organization formed in the aftermath of World War II; included all of the victorias Allies; its primary mission was to provide a forum for negotiating disputes
Tehran Conference
Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1943; agreed to the opening of a new front in France
Yalta Conference
Meeting among leaders of the United States. Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; agreed to Soviet entry into the Pacific war in return for possessions in Manchuria, organizaiton of the United Nations; disputed the division of political organization in the Eastern European states to be reestablished after the war
Potsdam
Meeting among leaders of the United States. Britain, and the Soviet Union just before the end of World War II in 1945; Allies agreed upon Soviet domination in E. Europe; Germany, and Austria to be divided among victorious Allies
Total war
the kind of warfare that emerged in world wars; vat resources and emotional commitments of different nations were marshaled to support military effort resulted from impact of industrialization on the military effort reflecting technological innovation and organizational capacity
Atlantic Charter of 1941
World War II alliance agreement between US and Britian; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization
Quit India Movement
Mass civil disobedience campaign that began in the summer of 1942 to end British control of India
Muslim Leauge
Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for seperate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muslim nationalist leader in India; originally a member of the Congress Party; became leader of Muslim Leauge; traded Muslim support for British during WWII for promises of a separate Muslim state after the war first president of Pakistan
Convention People’s Party (CPP)
Political party established by Kwame Nkruhman in opposition to British control of colonial legislature in Gold Coast
Jomo Kenyatta
Leader of nonviolent nationalist party in Kenya; oragnized the Kenya Africa Union (KAU); failed to win concessions because of the resistance of white settlers; came to power only after suppression of the Land Freedom Army, or Mau Mau
Kenya African Union (KAU)
Leading nationalist party in Kenya; adopted nonviolent approach to ending British control in the 1950s
Land and Freedom Army
Radical organization for independence in Kenya; frusturated by failure of nonviolent means initiated campaign of terror in 1952; reffered to by British and the Mau Mau
National Liberation Front (FLN)
Radical nationalist movement in Alegria; launched sustained guerilla war against France in 1950s; sucess of attacks led to independence of Alegria in 1958
Secret Army Organization (OAS)
Organization of French settlers in Alegria; led guerrilla war following independence during the 1960s assaults directed against Arabs, Berbers, and French who advocated independence
Afrikaner National Party
Emerged as the majority party in the all-white S. African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britian; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid
Apartheid
Policy of strict racial segregation imposed in S. Africa to permite continued dominance of whites politically and economically; established 1948
Haganah
Zionist military force engaged in violent resistance to British presence in Palestine in the 1940s
