Chapter 27 Flashcards
Getuilo Vargas
Returned to power in Brazil in 1950- program of populist nationalism
Juan Peron
Ruled in Argentina with populist platform and political repression
PRI
Party of the Institutionalized Revolution; dominant political party in Mexico; developed during the 1920s and 1930s; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico
Zapatista
Guerrilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata; originated in 1994 in Mexico’s southern state of Chiapas; government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation
Juan Jose Arevalo
Elected president of Guatemala in 1944; began series of socialist reforms, including land reform; nationalist program directed against foreign-owned companies such as United Fruit Company
United Fruit Company
Most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during the 20th century; attempted land reform aimed at United Fruit caused US intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to ouster of reform government in 1954
Fulgencio Batista
Dictator of Cuba from 1934 to 1944; returned to presidency in 1952; ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro
Cuban revolutionary; overthrew dictator Fulgenico Batista in 1958; initiated series of socialist reforms; came to depend almost exclusively on Soviet Union
Ernesto Che Guevara
Argentine revolutionary; aided Fidel Castro in overthrow of Fulgencio Batista regime in Cuba; died while directing guerrilla movement in Bolivia in 1967
Liberation theology
Combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in an effort to bring about improved conditions for the poor in Latin America in 20th century
Salvador Allende
President of Chile; nationalized industries and banks; sponsored peasants and workers expropriations of lands and foreign-owned factories; overthrown in 1973 by revolt of Chilean military with the support of the United States
Sandinista Party
Nicaraguan socialist movement named after Agusto Sandino; successfully carried out a socialist revolution in Nicaragua during 1980s
Sendero Luminoso
Shining path; long-sustained leftist guerrilla movement; controlled areas of countryside and tried to disrupt national elections in 1990
Augusto Sandino
Led a guerrilla resistance movement against US occupation forces in Nicaragua; assassinated by Nicaraguan National Guard in 1934; became nationa lhero and symbol of resistance to US influence in Central America
Banana republics
Term given to governments supported or created by the united States in Central America; believed to be either corrupt or subservient to US interests
Good Neighbor Policy
Established by Franklin D. Roosevelt for dealing with Latin America in 1933; intended to halt direct intervention in Latin American politics
Alliance for Progress
Begun in 1961 by the United States to develop Latin America as an alternative to radical political solutions; enjoyed only limited success; failure of development programs led to renewal of direct intervention
Favelas
Brazilian term for marginal neighborhoods or shantytowns
