Chapter 28

Question 1

Bangladesh

Answer 1

Founded as an independent nation n 1972; formerly East Pakistan

Question 2

Hindus Belief of Cycle Rebirth:

Answer 2

One of the sons had to do the funeral services so that the cycle of rebirth could be continued

Question 3

Archipelago

Answer 3

chain of group of islands, mostly seen in oceans, seas, and lakes

Question 4

Indira Gandhi

Answer 4

Daughter of Jawaharalal Nehru (no relation to Mahatma Gandi); installed as a figurehead prime minister by the Congress Party bosses in 1966; a strong-willed and astute politician, she soon became to central figure in Indian politics, a position she maintained through the 1970s and passed onto her sons

Question 5

Corazon Aquino

Answer 5

First president of Philippines in the post Marcos era of late 1980s; she served from 1986-1992; Aquino, whose husband was asssassinated by thugs in the pay of the Marcos regime, was one of the key leaders in the popular movement that toppled the dictator

Question 6

Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer 6

One of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence (1947); committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy

Question 7

Benazir Bhutto

Answer 7

Twice prime minister of Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s; first ran for office to avenge her father’s execution by the military clique then in power

Question 8

Religious revivalism

Answer 8

An approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life; increasingly associated with revivalist movements in a number of world religions including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism

Question 9

Primary products

Answer 9

food or industrial crops for which there is a high demand in industrialized economies; prices of such products tend to fluctuate widely; typically the major exports of developing world economies

Question 10

Neocolonial economy

Answer 10

Industrialized nations continued dominance of the world economy; ability of the industrialized nations to maintain economic colonialism without political colonialism

Question 11

Populism

Answer 11

contested concept, divide society into two groups - pure people and corrupt ellite

Question 12

Dictatorship

Answer 12

government controlled by leader or group of leaders who hold government power without many limitations

Question 13

Kwame Nkrumah

Answer 13

leader of Ghanas independence movements; illustrates pattern of charismatic appeals

Question 14

Gaman Abdel Nasser

Answer 14

Took power in Egypt following a military coup in 1952; enacted land reforms and used state resources to reduce unemployment; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal zone in 1956

Question 15

Free Officers movement

Answer 15

Military nationalist movement in Egypt founded in the 1930s; often allied with Muslim brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952

Question 16

Mulsim Brotherhood

Answer 16

Egyptian nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; committed to fundamentalist movement in Islam; fostered strikes and urban riots against the Khedival government

Question 17

Anwar Sadat

Answer 17

Successor to Gamal Abdel Nasser as ruler of Egypt; acted to dismantle constant state programs; accepted peace treaty with Isreal in 1973; opened Egypt to investment by Western nations

Question 18

Hosni Mubarak

Answer 18

President of Egypt from 1981-2011, succeeding Anwar Sadat and continuing Sadat’s policies of cooperation with the West

Question 19

Green Revolution

Answer 19

Introduction of improved seed strains, fertilizers, and irrigation as a means of producing higher yields in crops such as rice, wheat, and corn; particularly important in the densely populated countries of Asia

Question 20

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Answer 20

Religious ruler of Iran following revolution of 1979 to expel he Pahlavi shah of Iran; emphasized religious purification; tried to eliminate Western influences and establish purely Islamic government

Question 21

Homelands

Answer 21

Under apartheid, areas in South Africa designated for ethnolinguistic groups within black African population, such areas tend to be overpopulated and poverty-stricken

Question 22

African National Congress

Answer 22

Black political organization within South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority rule; until the 1990s was declared illegal in South Africa

Question 23

Walter Sisulu

Answer 23

Black African leader who, along with Nelson Mandela, oppsed apartheid system in South Africa

Question 24

Nelson Mandela

Answer 24

Long-imprisoned leader of the African National Congress; worked with the ANC leadership and F.W. de Klerk’s supporters to dismantle the apartheid system from the mid 1980s onward; in 1994, became the first black president of South Africa after the ANC won the first genuinely democratic elections in the country’s history

Question 25

Steve Biko

Answer 25

An organizer of Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, in opposition to apartheid; murdered while in police custody

Question 26

F. W. de Klerk

Answer 26

White South African president in late 1980s and early 1990s. Working with Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress, de Klerk helped to dismantle the apartheid system and opened way for ad emocratically elected government that represented all South Africans for the first time