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Drugs 183 > Class #9 - Mental illness > Flashcards

Class #9 - Mental illness Flashcards

1
Q

Mental illness affects?

A

1/4 people

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2
Q

Lunatics origins?

A

Moon causing craziness

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3
Q

Amanda Feilding 70s?

A

Own trepanation, claims higher consciousness

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4
Q

Peter Halvorson advocate for?

A

Hole in head

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5
Q

Freud definition of mental illness?

A

Struggle between consciousness and uncon.

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6
Q

1780 Luigi Galvani? Also found out?

A

Frog Leg twitches with static electricity. His body was releasing electricity

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7
Q

Alessandro Volta?

A

1st batteries with 2 dissimilar metals where paper with water and salt was placed between.

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8
Q

Otta Loewi 1920s? Experiment? Discovered?

A

Stimulated heart of frog by stimulating vagus nerve with electricity slows the heart rate. Allowed a solution connected to a second heart and that made the 2nd heartbeat.
Neurotransmitters.

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9
Q

First NT isolated? Does what to heart?

A

Acetylcholine, slow HR.

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10
Q

Rx Reserpine causes? comes from?

A

NT (monoamines) to leak out of vesicle slowly = >HR.

Snakeroot (plant)

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11
Q

Amphetamines causes?

A

NE/Dopamine flood out of synapse.

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12
Q

Tricyclic?

A

Impairs reuptake of NE and Serotonin (not selective to serotonin)

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13
Q

MAOI?

A

Impairs breakdown of MAO.

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14
Q

Neuroleptics?

A

Block receptors for dopamine

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15
Q

Schizo def?

A

“Loss contact with reality” “hallucinations” “Delusions of persecutions”

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16
Q

Henri Laborit (France) 1952 experiment?

A

Death surgery table why?
Hypo: b/c of histamines?
Promethazine (Phenergan): Anti-his., did not reduce death, but calmed pts.
He tried it on schizo and this trigged research.

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17
Q

Henri Laborit also first anti-histamine successful on schizo? Why? Conclusions? AE?

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine). Block dopamine. Conclusion schizo caused by excess dopamine. Parkinsons like Sx.

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18
Q

Parkinson cause?

A

Dopamine deficiency

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19
Q

Nathan Kline (USA) tried?

A

Reserpine on schizo. and it worked.

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20
Q

Perphenazine difference with chlorpromazine?

A

More potent

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21
Q

Haldol action? advantage with perphenazine? Works on everyone?

A

Block dopamine. Less AE. Calming effect.

22
Q

% of schizo that can function normally nowadays?

A

25%

23
Q

Clinical depression 4 characteristics?

A

Hopelessness, pessimism, uselessness, no reason to feel that way.

24
Q

The first antidepressant resulted from? Name? Mec of action? class?

A

Research for improved chlorpromazine. Imipramine. Block reuptake of serotonin/NE Tricyclic.

25
Q

Called tricyclic b/c?

A

3 benzene ring.

26
Q

Amitriptyline is?

A

Tri.

27
Q

Tricyclic AE? why?

A

Anticholinergic: Dry mouth, blurred vision
Antiadrenergic: Irregular heart beat.
B/C also block cholinergic and NE receptors.

28
Q

Prozac first? AE?

A

SSRI’s. N, anxiety, sleep disturbance, sex dysfunction.

29
Q

SSRIs eg.?

A

Sertraline, Travadone, Citalopram

30
Q

Prozac bad press? Also would increase? Proven?

A

1989 Louisville shooting, the murderer on Prozac? Suicide risk? Never proven.

31
Q

Scientology against?

A

Antipsychotic drugs.

32
Q

Prozac also used to treat?

A

OCD

33
Q

% of people with Tourette also have OCD?

A

50%

34
Q

% of pop with OCD?

A

2%

35
Q

Tourette’s syndrome explained by?

A

George Gilles de la Tourette. Involuntary tics and vocalizations

36
Q

Obsessions def?

A

Unwanted, unreasonable, intrusive thoughts. Often about contamination, symmetry, “perfection”

37
Q

Compulsion def?

A

Acts upon obsessions.

38
Q

Trichomania def? fun fact?

A

Playing with hair all the time. birds can have that.

39
Q

OCD causes?

A

Chemical imbalance. Seizures, strokes, TBI’s can trigger OCD.

40
Q

“Gourmand Syndrome”

A

After stroke, all thoughts about food.

41
Q

When OCD treated in brain scan?

A

reduction in caudate nucleus activity, just like treated addicts.

42
Q

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS)?

A

OCD triggered by Strep. in child.

43
Q

Meds for OCD?

A

SSRI’s especially Anafranil. 30% improved Sx.

44
Q

Behavioral therapy how it works?

A

Force people to do things they fear for, 1-20 sessions can improve overall Sx.

45
Q

Another therapy that works?

A

Confrontational therapy.

46
Q

History of MAOI’s? Discoverer?

A

Tuberculosis -> Iproniazid anti-tuberculosis -> Also made them happy -> Nathan Kline tried on depressed pts

47
Q

Problem with MAOIs?

A

Old cheese contains Tyramine = HTA if not broken down with MOA.

48
Q

History of Lithium as bipolar treatment.

A

John Cade noticed maniac/depressed pattern in Jap WWII prison camp -> injected in guinea pig urine of pt in maniac phase -> died more quickly than when in depressed phase. Hypo: b/c of uric acid in urine?
Made a salt with lithium for his base and it calmed down guinea pig and pts.

49
Q

Lithium mec of action? AE?

A

Block synthesis of Inositol which plays a role in conducting electricity in brain.
AE: N, trembling hands

50
Q

1st antianxiety Rx? Problem?

A

Barbiturates. Too sedative and addictive.

51
Q

Researcher for first Benzo? and how?

A

Frank Berger test Rx for ATB activity -> Tried Mephenosin -> musc relaxant and anti-anx, but to many AE. Stimulated research.
Meprobamate -> Librium -> Valium

52
Q

Weed antidepressant molecule?

A

CBD

Drugs 183 (13 decks)

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