Class #10 - Heart

Question 1

Egyptians thought heart was center of? and?

Answer 1

Intellectual/Emotions. Produced blood.

Question 2

The notion of circulatory system?

Answer 2

William Harvey 1600s.

Question 3

Heart lifetime beats? CO?

Answer 3

2.6 billion. 5L/min

Question 4

Heart disease risk factors?

Answer 4

family, ear lob crease, bladness, men, menopause, smoking, overweight, Db

Question 5

Blood glucose unit of measurement?

Answer 5

126 mg/dL (US) = 7 mmol/L (Canada). 18 times difference

Question 6

Fasting blood glucose of db?

Answer 6

> 7

Question 7

Oral glucose tolerance test of Db?

Answer 7

> 11

Question 8

Hb A1c normal?

Answer 8

Less 7%

Question 9

Gene in Caucasians and black with increase dislipidemia and increase Alzheimers?

Answer 9

APOE4

Question 10

Egg and cholesterol?

Answer 10

Preformed cholesterol doesn’t affect blood levels, fat and carb intake does.

Question 11

Elevated Homocysteine level? due to? However?

Answer 11

increase heart risk. Low B vitamins. High B vitamins correct level of homocysteine, but does not reduce cardiovascular risks.

Question 12

Blood measurement of inflammation? Difference in levels?

Answer 12

C reactive P+. >100mg/L = more likely bacteria infection. 10-50mg/L = Bacteria and virus

Question 13

Salt levels?

Answer 13

Average 3400mg of Na+; Recommended 2300mg = 6g of salt; Optimal 1500mg = 4g of salt.

Question 14

Anti High BP Rx classes?

Answer 14

• Diuretics
• ACE inhibitors-block angiotensin converting enz., inhibiting production of angiotensin II
• B-blockers: reduce workload of heart and block adrenalin. AE: Tiredness.
• Ca+ channel blocker: Dilate arteries
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Question 15

Inventor of Nitro?

Answer 15

Nobel, had angina

Question 16

Arginine for angina?

Answer 16

AA precursor of NO = dilatation. NOt proven efficacy.

Question 17

Dropsy =

Answer 17

Heart failure

Question 18

Fox glove cure found by?

Answer 18

William Withering, now called digoxin

Question 19

Coenzyme q10 in heart failure?

Answer 19

Not enough evidence.

Question 20

Anti-arrythmic Rx?

Answer 20

Amiodarone.

Question 21

MI stats?

Answer 21

25% die stat
25% unaware
1.5 millions/year in North America

Question 22

MI interventions?

Answer 22

morphine, O2, Nitro, Aspirin, stent

Question 23

Bypass surgery aftermatch?

Answer 23

Better life quality, doesn’t live longer.

Question 24

First heart transplant?

Answer 24

1967 Chris Bernard in South Africa.

Question 25

Cyclosporine?

Answer 25

Anti-rejection drug.