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Drugs 183 > Class #4 - Allergies > Flashcards

Class #4 - Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

Most common allergy?

A

Hay Fever=allergic rhinitis, 50% will develop asthma

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2
Q

Coumpoud in tamato?

A

salicilate

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3
Q

Salicilates?

A

Group of compound: in tomato, willow bark.

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4
Q

ASA in nature?

A

No precursors are in nature. Salicin in willow bark.

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5
Q

Allergy def?

A

Adverse reaction to a substance. A mistake by immune system for chemical that are usually harmless. Where IgE antibodies are involved.

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6
Q

% of pop. allergies.

A

12-20% suffer from allergies, richer countries

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7
Q

Why more allergies in advance countries?

A

Hypothesis: B/C more chemicals in our envir.

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8
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Shot down of circulatory system. Ultimate allergic reaction.

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9
Q

Atopy?

A

Genetic tendency to develop classic allergies. If children manifest Sx go on in adult life to develop more allergy.

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10
Q

Hay fever allergy to?

A

Rag weed pollen, not hay, b/c hay is just dried plants.

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11
Q

Actual allergies to hay?

A

No, to mold in the hay, not the actual hay.

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12
Q

Rag weed pollen equivalent to?

A

Male sperm, usually 2nd half of august

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13
Q

Rag weed allergy weird Sx?

A

Geographic tongue, not painful.

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14
Q

Allergy to cat/dog what?

A

Proteins in the cat saliva which contain dead skin cells.

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15
Q

Black cat more allergenic?

A

True

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16
Q

Dust mites can cause allergy? Where are they? Dust allergy?

A

yes, everywhere, dust mites poop.

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17
Q

Total allergy syndrome = 21th allergy disease?

A

So many allergies, have to line their house to aluminum foil? They have to withdrawal from society. Rare, real condition. Have a psychological component.

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18
Q

To have an anaphylactic reaction?

A

Must have a previous exposure, to have the Ig in your body.

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19
Q

Asthma rate have… since 1980?

A

Double, b/c have greater chemical exposure, bigger population.

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20
Q

Experiment with asthmatic?

A

When told would make asthma worst = actual inflammation

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21
Q

Hygiene Hypothesis?

A

Increase allergies/asthma, b/c immune system is not exposed to real potential invaders early in life. What to use your bullets against real invaders.

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22
Q

Study 2800 school children’s results.

A

Less allergies when exposed to worms in young life.

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23
Q

Kids and their siblings that attend day care are

A

less likely to develop allergy, leukemia,

24
Q

Why exposure reduce allergy?

A

Hypo: b/c endotoxins from B alerts immune system

25
Q

Food allergies affect … % of population?

A

4%

26
Q

1.Allergies vs 2.intolerance

A
  1. Immune system involved with IgE. Also can be provoked by very small amount of a substance 2. Eg. Lactose intolerance, don’t have lactase. So not an antibody mediated reaction.
27
Q

Most common food allergy

A

Fish and shelfish, milk, nuts.

28
Q

Tetrazine, yellow #5 give?

A

Gut reaction allergy

29
Q

Allergic to …. in

A

proteins

30
Q

Rx

A

Epinephrine: dilate bronchial tube and increase circulation.

Antihistamine doesnt reverse anaphylactic reaction.

31
Q

Exposure importance, window of opportunity to protect against peanut allergy is?

A

When you are exposed as a kid. Peanut = 5months, but need to be sure dont already have a history of atopy.

32
Q

Can develop allergy at any time of your life?

A

True

33
Q

Contact dermatitis 2 types?

A

Irritant (big amount, present in generalized population. Eg sufuric acid) and Immune system mediated (small amount. Eg poison ivy)

34
Q

Allergen in poison ivy

A

Urushiol

35
Q

Allergy to nickel (cheap metal)?

A

From contact

36
Q

How to treat allergic dermatitis?

A

Hydrocostisol cream of benadryl.

37
Q

Rubber =

A

latex

38
Q

Allergies to papaye or banana?

A

molecularly close to rubber tree, so increase risk of allergies to latex.

39
Q

Aquagenous puritis

A

allergy to water on the skin

40
Q

Photoallergy

A

Allergy to something when exposed to sunlight.

41
Q

Cell in immune system

A

Mastcell with IgE antibodies on its surface, release histamine when exposed to antigen(allergen)

42
Q

Mastcell explode when releasing

A

histamine

43
Q

IgG responible for?

A

Protection against antigens.

44
Q

To protect against histamine reactions? First one?

A

Antihistaminic which is an antagonist : First one was Chlorpheniramine

45
Q

Problem with antihistamines?

First non-drowsines antihistamine, why not in market?

A

Induce drowsiness

Serious side effect with other medication, but now have a bunch of non-drowsiness antihistaminics.

46
Q

How to solve allergies?

A

Avoidance, antihistamine, immunotherapy

47
Q

Natural cure?

A 
Butterburr plant, Rx is called petadolex. Less effective.
Stinging nettle (case irritant reaction), but purified has mild antihistamine effect.
48
Q

Asthma responsible compound?

A

Leukotrienes

49
Q

Rx PO asthma

A

Antileukotienes (montelukast, called that b/c developped in Montreal)

50
Q

Asthma rescue inhalers?

A

Adrenalin receptor agonists, used b/c dilate bronchial tubes. Called Ventolin, salbutamol. Used in asthma attack. Also cause cardiac stimulation.

51
Q

Before ventolin Rx

A

Isoproterenal. Very effective, strong cardiac effectc, but took 20 seconds before acting, so pt would take too much

52
Q

Rx to prevent asthma attack

A

Steroids, prevent inflammation (Flovent, Pulmicort)

53
Q

Both Adrenalin agonist and steroids?

A

Advair

54
Q

Allergy testing problem

A

Positive skin test and still not have reaction when eaten.

55
Q

Allergy shots?

A

Give allergen parenterally, and this triggers IgG reaction, which is not attached to mast cell. Not super effective.

Drugs 183 (13 decks)

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