Class #4 - Allergies Flashcards
Most common allergy?
Hay Fever=allergic rhinitis, 50% will develop asthma
Coumpoud in tamato?
salicilate
Salicilates?
Group of compound: in tomato, willow bark.
ASA in nature?
No precursors are in nature. Salicin in willow bark.
Allergy def?
Adverse reaction to a substance. A mistake by immune system for chemical that are usually harmless. Where IgE antibodies are involved.
% of pop. allergies.
12-20% suffer from allergies, richer countries
Why more allergies in advance countries?
Hypothesis: B/C more chemicals in our envir.
Anaphylaxis
Shot down of circulatory system. Ultimate allergic reaction.
Atopy?
Genetic tendency to develop classic allergies. If children manifest Sx go on in adult life to develop more allergy.
Hay fever allergy to?
Rag weed pollen, not hay, b/c hay is just dried plants.
Actual allergies to hay?
No, to mold in the hay, not the actual hay.
Rag weed pollen equivalent to?
Male sperm, usually 2nd half of august
Rag weed allergy weird Sx?
Geographic tongue, not painful.
Allergy to cat/dog what?
Proteins in the cat saliva which contain dead skin cells.
Black cat more allergenic?
True
Dust mites can cause allergy? Where are they? Dust allergy?
yes, everywhere, dust mites poop.
Total allergy syndrome = 21th allergy disease?
So many allergies, have to line their house to aluminum foil? They have to withdrawal from society. Rare, real condition. Have a psychological component.
To have an anaphylactic reaction?
Must have a previous exposure, to have the Ig in your body.
Asthma rate have… since 1980?
Double, b/c have greater chemical exposure, bigger population.
Experiment with asthmatic?
When told would make asthma worst = actual inflammation
Hygiene Hypothesis?
Increase allergies/asthma, b/c immune system is not exposed to real potential invaders early in life. What to use your bullets against real invaders.
Study 2800 school children’s results.
Less allergies when exposed to worms in young life.
Kids and their siblings that attend day care are
less likely to develop allergy, leukemia,
Why exposure reduce allergy?
Hypo: b/c endotoxins from B alerts immune system
Food allergies affect … % of population?
4%
1.Allergies vs 2.intolerance
- Immune system involved with IgE. Also can be provoked by very small amount of a substance 2. Eg. Lactose intolerance, don’t have lactase. So not an antibody mediated reaction.
Most common food allergy
Fish and shelfish, milk, nuts.
Tetrazine, yellow #5 give?
Gut reaction allergy
Allergic to …. in
proteins
Rx
Epinephrine: dilate bronchial tube and increase circulation.
Antihistamine doesnt reverse anaphylactic reaction.
Exposure importance, window of opportunity to protect against peanut allergy is?
When you are exposed as a kid. Peanut = 5months, but need to be sure dont already have a history of atopy.
Can develop allergy at any time of your life?
True
Contact dermatitis 2 types?
Irritant (big amount, present in generalized population. Eg sufuric acid) and Immune system mediated (small amount. Eg poison ivy)
Allergen in poison ivy
Urushiol
Allergy to nickel (cheap metal)?
From contact
How to treat allergic dermatitis?
Hydrocostisol cream of benadryl.
Rubber =
latex
Allergies to papaye or banana?
molecularly close to rubber tree, so increase risk of allergies to latex.
Aquagenous puritis
allergy to water on the skin
Photoallergy
Allergy to something when exposed to sunlight.
Cell in immune system
Mastcell with IgE antibodies on its surface, release histamine when exposed to antigen(allergen)
Mastcell explode when releasing
histamine
IgG responible for?
Protection against antigens.
To protect against histamine reactions? First one?
Antihistaminic which is an antagonist : First one was Chlorpheniramine
Problem with antihistamines?
First non-drowsines antihistamine, why not in market?
Induce drowsiness
Serious side effect with other medication, but now have a bunch of non-drowsiness antihistaminics.
How to solve allergies?
Avoidance, antihistamine, immunotherapy
Natural cure?
Butterburr plant, Rx is called petadolex. Less effective. Stinging nettle (case irritant reaction), but purified has mild antihistamine effect.
Asthma responsible compound?
Leukotrienes
Rx PO asthma
Antileukotienes (montelukast, called that b/c developped in Montreal)
Asthma rescue inhalers?
Adrenalin receptor agonists, used b/c dilate bronchial tubes. Called Ventolin, salbutamol. Used in asthma attack. Also cause cardiac stimulation.
Before ventolin Rx
Isoproterenal. Very effective, strong cardiac effectc, but took 20 seconds before acting, so pt would take too much
Rx to prevent asthma attack
Steroids, prevent inflammation (Flovent, Pulmicort)
Both Adrenalin agonist and steroids?
Advair
Allergy testing problem
Positive skin test and still not have reaction when eaten.
Allergy shots?
Give allergen parenterally, and this triggers IgG reaction, which is not attached to mast cell. Not super effective.
