Class 9 - Abnormal Behavior and Treatment Flashcards
Psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
Medical model
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated
Epigenetics
study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
DSM-5
a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
ADHD
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Social anxiety disorder
kind of anxiety disorder that cause the person to feel anxious in social events
Generalized anxiety disorder
people who are generally anxious
Panic disorder
panic attacks, shaking, trouble breathing, heart beating fast
Agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations where one has felt loss of control and panic
Phobia
an extreme fear of something
Obsessive-Compulsion disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Major depressive disorder
depression
Bipolar disorder
shifts from 2 types of extreme emotions, happy (manic) and sad (depression)
Mania
a hyperactice, widly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common
Rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking problems and their causes
Schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
Psychotic disorders
a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences
Delusion
a false belief that may accompany psychotic disorders
Chronic Schizophrenia
usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
Acute Schizophrenia
can begin at any age
Somatic symptom disorder
the symptoms take a bodyily form without apparent physical cause
Conversion disorder
specific physical symptoms not compatible with recognized medical/neurological conditions
Illness anxiety disorder (Hypochondriasis)
a person is worried about getting certain illness for no reason
Dissociative Identity disorder (Multiple Personality disorder)
a person has multiple personalities, each with distinct personality/behavior and does not know the others exist
Anorexia nervosa
does not want to eat, dangerously underweight
Bulimia nervosa
eats a lot then feels guilty and puke to force the food out
Bing-eating disorder
binge eating followed by distress, disgust, or guilt
Eclectic approach
used techniques from various forms of therapy
Treatments
- Psychodynamic/psychoanalysis therapy
- Client-Centered therapy
- Behavioral therapy
- Cognitive therapy
- Cognitive-Behavioral therapy
- Group and Family therapy
Resistance
the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Transference
redirect emotions form one person to another
Psychodynamic therapy
interpret patient’s memories and feelings
Client-Centered therapy
humanistic therapy; listen actively and reflect clients’ feelings
Insight therapy
aim to increase a person’s awareness of underlying motives/defenses
Classical conditioning techniques
a type of behavioral therapy
Classical conditioning techniques : Counterconditioning
conditioning an unwanted behavior or response to a stimulus into a wanted behavior or response by association positive actions with the stimulus
Classical conditioning techniques : Exposure therapies
expose the person to the object, they will slowly get use to it
Classical conditioning techniques : Systematic desensitization
systematically and slowly let the patient get comfortable with an object that they are not afraid of and slowly change it to the objec titself
Classical conditioning techniques : Virtual reality exposure therapy
use virtual reality to treat certain fear
Classical conditioning techniques : Aversive conditioning
associate unwanted behavior to punishment
Operant conditioning techniques : token economy
behavioral therapy; use money/points as a reward for good behavior
Behavioral therapy
use classical conditioning or operant conditioning
Cognitive therapy
train people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions
Cognitive-Behavioral therapy
train peoepl to counter self-harmful thoughts and to act out their new way of thinking
Group and Family therapy
develop an understanding of family and other social systems, explore roles, and improve communication
Biomedical therapies
- Therapeutic lifestyle change
- Drug therapy
- brain stimulation therapy
- Psychosurgery therapy
Therapeutic lifestyle change therapy
alter lifestyle through adequate exercise, sleep, nutrition, and other changes
Drug therapy
alter brain chemistry through drugs
Brain stimulation therapy
stimulate brain through electroconvulsive shock, mild electrical stimulation, magnetic impulses, or deep-brain stimulation
Psychosurgery
remove or destroy brain tissues
