Class 10 - Social Psychology Flashcards
Attribution theory
the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
Fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing other’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Attitude
feelings that predispose us to response in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Peripheral route persuasion
occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues
Central route persuasion
occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Foot-in-door phenomenon
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Role
a set of expectations about a social position that defines how the person should behave
Cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
Norms
understood rules for accepted and expected behavior
Conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Normative social influence
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Informational social influence
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality
Asch’s conformity experiemnt
have a group of people answer a question, person usually follow what the others choose
Milgram’s obedience experiemnt
participant listens to the director’s directions regardless if someone is hurt or not
Social facilitation
improved performance on simple/well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort
Deindividuation
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Group polarization
opinions become stronger and strong when people of the same opinion discuss
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that occur when desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides individual creativity
Culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Prejudice
unjustifiable attitude
Stereotype
generalized belief
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior
Just-world phenomenon
the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people deserve what they get
Ingroup bias
people tend to favor people in their own group
Scapegoat theory
the tendency to push the blame to group or an individual when something goes wrong
Aggression
physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotinonally
Frustration-aggression principle
idea that when someone is frustrated, they are more likely to turn to aggression
Social script
a set of behaviors that a person is supposed to follow in a situation
Mere exposure effect
idea that things that are show more often are more likable
Equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
Superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing their help
