Class 10 - Social Psychology

Question 1

Attribution theory

Answer 1

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 2

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 2

the tendency for observers, when analyzing other’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Question 3

Attitude

Answer 3

feelings that predispose us to response in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Question 4

Peripheral route persuasion

Answer 4

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues

Question 5

Central route persuasion

Answer 5

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Question 6

Foot-in-door phenomenon

Answer 6

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 7

Role

Answer 7

a set of expectations about a social position that defines how the person should behave

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 8

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

understood rules for accepted and expected behavior

Question 10

Conformity

Answer 10

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Question 11

Normative social influence

Answer 11

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 12

Informational social influence

Answer 12

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

Question 13

Asch’s conformity experiemnt

Answer 13

have a group of people answer a question, person usually follow what the others choose

Question 14

Milgram’s obedience experiemnt

Answer 14

participant listens to the director’s directions regardless if someone is hurt or not

Question 15

Social facilitation

Answer 15

improved performance on simple/well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 16

Social loafing

Answer 16

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort

Question 17

Deindividuation

Answer 17

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 18

Group polarization

Answer 18

opinions become stronger and strong when people of the same opinion discuss

Question 19

Groupthink

Answer 19

the mode of thinking that occur when desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides individual creativity

Question 20

Culture

Answer 20

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 21

Prejudice

Answer 21

unjustifiable attitude

Question 22

Stereotype

Answer 22

generalized belief

Question 23

Discrimination

Answer 23

unjustifiable negative behavior

Question 24

Just-world phenomenon

Answer 24

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people deserve what they get

Question 25

Ingroup bias

Answer 25

people tend to favor people in their own group

Question 26

Scapegoat theory

Answer 26

the tendency to push the blame to group or an individual when something goes wrong

Question 27

Aggression

Answer 27

physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotinonally

Question 28

Frustration-aggression principle

Answer 28

idea that when someone is frustrated, they are more likely to turn to aggression

Question 29

Social script

Answer 29

a set of behaviors that a person is supposed to follow in a situation

Question 30

Mere exposure effect

Answer 30

idea that things that are show more often are more likable

Question 31

Equity

Answer 31

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 32

Bystander effect

Answer 32

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 33

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 33

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 34

Superordinate goals

Answer 34

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Question 35

Reciprocity norm

Answer 35

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 36

Social-responsibility norm

Answer 36

an expectation that people will help those needing their help