Class 8 - Personality Flashcards
Personality
an individual characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality theories
- Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories : id, ego, superego
- Humanistic theories : strive for self-actualization when basic needs are met
- Trait theories : isolate important dimensions of personality
- Social and Cognitive theories : behavior influenced by interaction between people’s traits and their social context
Sigmund Freud personality ideas
id, ego, superego
Id
personality component to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires
Ego
develops from id; component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality
Superego
component of personality that provides moral standard by which the ego operates
Free association
associate words with context (unconscious)
Fixation
a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage
Defense mechanisms
- Regression
- Reaction formation
- Projection
- Rationalization
- Displacement
- Sublimation
- Denial
Regression
retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
Reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite
Projection
blaming the other person; disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Rationalization
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions
Displacement
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
Sublimation
transferring of unacceptable impulses into a socially values motives
Denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
Collective unconscious
Carl Jung; everyone has a set of unconscious idea that are the same regardless of the person’s culture
Rorschach Inkblot Test
interpretations of the blot
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
stories about ambiguous scenes
Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological
- Safety
- Belongingness/love
- Esteem
- Self-actualization
Person-Centered Perspective
Carl Rogers; people are good, tendency for growth and fulfillment
Big five personality factors
CANOE
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism (emotional stability)
- Openness
- Extraversion
Reciprocal determinism
interacting influences of behavior, cognition, and environment; person influence environment, environment influence person
Spotlight effect
overestimating other’s noticing and evaluating of our appearance and behavior
Self-Serving Bias
a readiness to perceive oneself favorably
