Class 7 - Motivation, Emotion, Health

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Instinct theory

Answer 2

focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors

Question 3

Instinct

Answer 3

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 4

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 4

focuses on how we respond to our inner pushes and pulls; idea that physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 5

Physiological need

Answer 5

a basic bodily requirement

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; regulation of any aspect of body chemistry

Question 7

Incentive

Answer 7

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 8

Arousal theory

Answer 8

focuses on finding the right level of stimulation

Question 9

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 9

principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, after that performance decreases

Question 10

Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 10

focuses on the priority of some needs over others

Question 11

Motivational concepts

Answer 11

1. Instinct theory
2. Drive-reduction theory
3. Arousal theory
4. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 12

Hunger motivation

Answer 12

1. Glucose

2. Ghrelin

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major source of energy for body tissues

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach

Question 15

Affiliation need

Answer 15

need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

Question 16

Ostracism

Answer 16

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Question 17

Narcissism

Answer 17

excessive self-love and self-absorption

Question 18

Achievement motivation

Answer 18

desire for significant accomplishment

Question 19

Grit

Answer 19

passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals

Question 20

Emotion

Answer 20

a response of the whole organism, involving

1. physiological arousal
2. expressive behaviors
3. conscious experience

Question 21

James-Lange theory

Answer 21

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus
stimulus –> arousal –> emotion

Question 22

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 22

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotions
stimulus –> arousal AND emotion

Question 23

Two-Factor theory (Schachter-Singer theory)

Answer 23

the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively appraised
stimulus –> arousal AND cognitive appraised –> emotion

Question 24

Basic emotions

Answer 24

anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness/joy

Question 25

Polygraph

Answer 25

a machine used in attempts to detect lies that measure several of the physiological response accompanying emotion

Question 26

Facial feedback effect

Answer 26

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings

Question 27

Behavior feedback effect

Answer 27

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 28

Stress

Answer 28

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we appraise as threatening or challenges

Question 29

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 29

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 30

Tend-and-Befriend response

Answer 30

under stress, people tend to provide support to others and bond with and seek suppose form others

Question 31

Health psychology

Answer 31

a subfield that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 32

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 32

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 33

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 33

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Question 34

Type A

Answer 34

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger-prone people

Question 35

Type B

Answer 35

easygoing, relaxed people

Question 36

Catharsis

Answer 36

the idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Question 37

Aerobic exercise

Answer 37

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 38

Mindfulness meditation

Answer 38

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner

Question 39

Feel-Good, Do-Good phenomenon

Answer 39

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 40

Positive psychology

Answer 40

the study of human flourishing

Question 41

Subjective well-being

Answer 41

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

Question 42

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 42

our tendency to form judgements relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 43

Relative deprivation

Answer 43

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself