Class 7 - Motivation, Emotion, Health Flashcards
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct theory
focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors
Instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Drive-reduction theory
focuses on how we respond to our inner pushes and pulls; idea that physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Physiological need
a basic bodily requirement
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; regulation of any aspect of body chemistry
Incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Arousal theory
focuses on finding the right level of stimulation
Yerkes-Dodson law
principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, after that performance decreases
Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
focuses on the priority of some needs over others
Motivational concepts
- Instinct theory
- Drive-reduction theory
- Arousal theory
- Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Hunger motivation
- Glucose
2. Ghrelin
Glucose
sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major source of energy for body tissues
Ghrelin
hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Affiliation need
need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Ostracism
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
Achievement motivation
desire for significant accomplishment
Grit
passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals
Emotion
a response of the whole organism, involving
- physiological arousal
- expressive behaviors
- conscious experience
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus
stimulus –> arousal –> emotion
Cannon-Bard theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotions
stimulus –> arousal AND emotion
Two-Factor theory (Schachter-Singer theory)
the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively appraised
stimulus –> arousal AND cognitive appraised –> emotion
Basic emotions
anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness/joy
Polygraph
a machine used in attempts to detect lies that measure several of the physiological response accompanying emotion
Facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings
Behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions
Stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we appraise as threatening or challenges
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Tend-and-Befriend response
under stress, people tend to provide support to others and bond with and seek suppose form others
Health psychology
a subfield that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Coronary Heart Disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle
Type A
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger-prone people
Type B
easygoing, relaxed people
Catharsis
the idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges
Aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; helps alleviate depression and anxiety
Mindfulness meditation
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner
Feel-Good, Do-Good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
Positive psychology
the study of human flourishing
Subjective well-being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
Adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements relative to neutral level defined by our prior experience
Relative deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
