Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Pathology > Class 9 > Flashcards

Class 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What qualifies as being born premature

Prematurity

A

Born before 37th week
< 2500g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What qualifies as being born immature

Prematurity

A

< 1500g
cannot survive outside neonatal unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5-10% of pregnancies terminate prematurely due to what factors?

Prematurity

A

Maternal
Fetal
Placental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

NRDS

A

Premature fetus
Alveoli collapse due to lack of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens after alveoli collapse from Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

NRDS

A

Lack of oxygen
Cells damage/death
Infant can die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

SIDS

A

Unexpected death in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main risk factors for SIDS?

SIDS

A

Prone sleeping
Smoke exposure
Young mother
low socioeconomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much % of body is water?
Ratio of intracellular/intercellular?

Fluid and Hemodynamic disorders

A

60%
2/3 - intracellular
1/3 - intercellular spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors should be considered regarding Edema?

Fluid and Hemodynamic Disorders

A

Redistribution of body fluids
Loss of fluids
Retention of fluids
Disruption of circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Edema

Edema

A

Excess fluid in tissues/cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is anasarca?

Edema

A

Generalized edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Edema classified as Exudate means?

Edema

A

High in protein/cells
Typical inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Edema classified as Transudate means?

Edema

A

High in protein
Low in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transudate Edema may accumulate due to?

Edema

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Reduced oncotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Sodium Retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Edema

A

Pressure pushing fluid out of capillaries into IF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

Edema

A

Proteins pull fluid back into capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does inflammatory edema occur?

Types of Edema

A

Fluid leaks through permeable vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hydrostatic edema?

Types of Edema

A

Intravascular pressure promotes transmembranous passage of fluids

Fluid pulled out of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is oncotic edema?

Types of Edema

A

Decreased plasma proteins or decreased colloid osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Obstructive edema?

Types of Edema

A

Very rare, caused by parasites or tumor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypervolemic Edema?

Types of Edema

A

Kidney disfunction leading to retention of sodium/water

22
Q

Edema is usually a combination of many factors, but what two major organs often cause edema?

Edema

A

Heart
Kidneys

23
Q

What is hyperemia? How many types are there?

Hyperemia

A

Too much blood in an area.
1. Active
2. Reactive
3. Passive

24
Q

What is Active Hyperemia

(aka Functional Hyperemia)

Hyperemia

A

Increased blood flow when tissue is active. Ex during exercise

25
Q

What is Reactive Hyperemia

Hyperemia

A

Increased bloodflow after being occluded (blocked)

26
Q

What is Passive Hyperemia

Hyperemia

A

Congestion. Blood backs up causing backpressure.
Consequence of heart failure

27
Q

What is cyanosis

Edema

A

Bluish tissues
Less oxygen

28
Q

What is a hemorhage? Where can it occur

Hemorhage

A

Loss of blood from circulatory system. Can occur internally/externally

29
Q

How much blood can be lost without clinical consequence

Hemorhage

A

10-15%

30
Q

What is cardiac hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

A

Can result from gun/stab
or Heart attack
Often fatal

31
Q

What is Aortic Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

A

Caused by trauma/ weakened aortic wall

32
Q

What is arterial hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

A

Artery bleeding from gun, knife, or fracture

33
Q

What is capillary hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

A

Pinpoint droplets appearing on skin
Trauma, venous pressure

33
Q

What is Venous Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

A

Usually traumatic
Dark red/not pulsating

34
Q

Hemothorax

Definitions

A

Blood in thoracic cavity

35
Q

Hemoperitoneum

Definitions

A

Blood in peritoneal cavity

36
Q

Hemopericardium

Definitions

A

Blood in pericardial cavity

37
Q

Hematomas

Definitions

A

Blood filled swellings

38
Q

Petechiae

Definitions

A

Small hemorrhages of skin/mucosa

39
Q

Purpura

Definitions

A

Medium hemorrhages of skin/mucosa

40
Q

Ecchymoses

Definitions

A

Large blotchy bruises

41
Q

Hemoptysis

Definitions

A

Blood in respiratory tract

42
Q

Hematemesis

Definitions

A

Vomiting blood

43
Q

Melena

Definitions

A

Black discoloured stool
Could be stomach cancer

44
Q

Hematochezia

Definitions

A

Anorectal bleeding
hemorrhoids

45
Q

Metrorrhagia

Definitions

A

Uterovaginal bleeding

46
Q

Menorrhagia

Definitions

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding

47
Q

Hematuria

Definitions

A

Blood in urine

48
Q

Massive Acute hemorrhage. How much blood loss is lethal?

Clinical Correlations

A

More than 1500ml

49
Q

Chronic hemorrhages result in

Clinical Correlations

A

(bleeding gastic ulcer/heavy menstruation)
Results in Anemia

General Pathology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions