Class 7

Question 1

Organogenesis

Answer 1

Cell division, organ development

Question 2

Physical Exogenous Teratogens

Answer 2

X-rays, Radiation

Question 3

Chemical Exogenous Teratogens

Answer 3

M/c alcohol

Question 4

Alcohol as an exogenous teratogen can result in

Answer 4

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 5

Typical features of FAS

Answer 5

reduced mental, low iq,

Question 6

Microbial teratogens can effect fetus how?

Answer 6

Directly by crossing placenta
Indirectly by weakened mother

Question 7

What does TORCH stand for?

Answer 7

Toxoplasma
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex

Question 8

Rubella is a viral infection that causes what effects?

Answer 8

Brain and heart defects

Question 9

Toxoplasmosis and CMV causes what effects?

Answer 9

Abnormalities in brain, small eyes, cataracts

Question 10

Herpes Virus causes what effects?

Answer 10

Skin lesions

Question 11

Endogenous teratogens often result in what?

Answer 11

Miscarriage

Question 12

Chromosome abnormalities can be structural or numerical. Describe both

Answer 12

Structural: chromosomes structure is abnormal

Numerical: Number of chromosomes abnormal
Trisomy: +1 chromosome
Monosomy -1 chromosome

Question 13

Chromosomal abnormalities can involve what 2 things?

Answer 13

autosomes
sex chromosomes

Question 14

What is Trisomy 21/ Down’s syndrome is associated with what?

Answer 14

Translocation or 3 autosome 21, maternal orgin

Question 15

Trisomy 21 symptoms

Answer 15

Mental disability, wide face, short arms/legs

Question 16

Trisomy 21 causes hypotonia and what else?

Answer 16

hypermobility, upper cervical instability

Question 17

Which is more common? Abnormal sex or autosome?

Answer 17

Sex - less lethal, less miscarriage

Question 18

Describe the pathogenesis sex chromosome abnormalities

Answer 18

Both chromosomes go into one egg instead of both

Question 19

What is Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 19

Absence of Y chromosome
Organs don’t fully develop
No sex hormones/puberty

Question 20

What is a hypoplastic uterus and amenorrhea (Turner’s Syndrome)

Answer 20

Underdeveloped uterus
Amenorrhea

Question 21

What is Klienfelter’s Syndrome

Answer 21

3 sex chromosomes
Male genital organs not fully developed

Question 22

What are alleles?

Answer 22

Genes on autosome, which are expressed in duplicates

Question 23

Autosomal dominant inheritance has what % chance of offspring

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

Marfan’s Syndrome is an Autosomal Dominant Disease that effects what 3 systems

Answer 24

Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Ocular Changes

Question 25

Familial Hypercholesterolemia is Autosomal Dominant disease resulting in?

Answer 25

Higher cholesterol in blood
Cardiovascular disease (LDL in arteries)

Question 26

Familial Hypercholesterolemia causes xanthomas, which are?

Answer 26

Yellow nodules consisting of macrophages