Class 11

Question 1

What is shock

Shock

Answer 1

A state of hypoperfusion of tissues

Question 2

What are the 3 possible mechanisms causing shock?

Shock

Answer 2

1. Pump failure of heart
2. Loss of circulating fluid
3. Loss of peripheral vascular tone

Question 3

What are the 3 main results of shock?

Shock

Answer 3

Tissue anoxia
multi-organ failure
cardiorespiratory failure

Question 4

3 types of shock

Types of shock

Answer 4

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Hypotonic

Question 5

What is Hypovolemic shock and what is it due to?

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 5

Loss of circulatory volume
Due to: hemorrhage/fluid loss

Question 6

What is hypotonic shock and what is it due to?

Hypotonic Shock

Answer 6

Loss of vascular tone/ pooling of blood in perpheral vessels
Due to:
Anaphylactic shock
bacteria

Question 7

What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Shock lung

Answer 7

Loss of lung function causing pulmonary edema

Question 8

3 stages of shock

Clinical Correlations of Shock

Answer 8

1. Early/compensated shock
2. Decompensated but reversible shock
3. Irreversible shock

Question 9

What is compensated shock? What are examples of it?

Compensated shock

Answer 9

Adaptive characteristics to compensate.
Ex: Tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, reduced urine

Question 10

WHat is decompensated shock? Examples?

Answer 10

When early compensatory mechanisms fail
Examples: hypotension

Question 11

What is irreversible shock?
How is it expressed?

Answer 11

End of decompensated shock.
Circulatory collapse
loss of vital functions

Question 12

What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation?

DIC

Answer 12

Widespread clot formation throughout body

Question 13

What is an infection?

Answer 13

Disease caused by a microorganism

Question 14

What is the relationship between infectious organism and host?

Answer 14

parasitic relationship

Question 15

How are colonies different from infections?

Answer 15

Colonies do not cause disease

Question 16

What are normal flora?

Answer 16

Mix of organisms typically found at a site

Question 17

What is a virus made of?

Types of organisms

Answer 17

Nucleic acid inside protein shell

Question 18

What is bacteria composed of?

Types of organisms

Answer 18

Single celled microorganisms without true nucleus

Question 19

What is a protozoa?

Types of organisms

Answer 19

Single celled organisms either extraintestinal or intraintestinal

Question 20

What is fungi?

Types of organisms

Answer 20

Unicellular and can occur as yeasts or molds

Question 21

Fungal diseases in humans are called what?

Types of organisms

Answer 21

Mycoses

Question 22

Endogenous

Classification

Answer 22

From within - was not pathogenic but now is

Question 23

Exogenous

Classification

Answer 23

Not from within - i.e influenza

Question 24

Nosocomial

Classification

Answer 24

Acquired in health care setting

Question 25

What are prions

Answer 25

Infectious particles of proteins w/ no nucleic acids
From animals to humans

Question 25

What is vector transmission?

Transmission of infection

Answer 25

Carried by intermediate source
ex. malaria

Question 26

What is vehicle transmission of infection?

Transmission of infection

Answer 26

Through food or water

Question 27

What is droplet infection transmission

Transmission of infection

Answer 27

fall out within 3ft of source

Question 28

What are 3 lines of defence against infections?

Defence

Answer 28

1. mechanical barriers
2. inflammation
3. acquired immune response