Class 11 Flashcards
What is shock
Shock
A state of hypoperfusion of tissues
What are the 3 possible mechanisms causing shock?
Shock
- Pump failure of heart
- Loss of circulating fluid
- Loss of peripheral vascular tone
What are the 3 main results of shock?
Shock
Tissue anoxia
multi-organ failure
cardiorespiratory failure
3 types of shock
Types of shock
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Hypotonic
What is Hypovolemic shock and what is it due to?
Hypovolemic Shock
Loss of circulatory volume
Due to: hemorrhage/fluid loss
What is hypotonic shock and what is it due to?
Hypotonic Shock
Loss of vascular tone/ pooling of blood in perpheral vessels
Due to:
Anaphylactic shock
bacteria
What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Shock lung
Loss of lung function causing pulmonary edema
3 stages of shock
Clinical Correlations of Shock
- Early/compensated shock
- Decompensated but reversible shock
- Irreversible shock
What is compensated shock? What are examples of it?
Compensated shock
Adaptive characteristics to compensate.
Ex: Tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, reduced urine
WHat is decompensated shock? Examples?
When early compensatory mechanisms fail
Examples: hypotension
What is irreversible shock?
How is it expressed?
End of decompensated shock.
Circulatory collapse
loss of vital functions
What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation?
DIC
Widespread clot formation throughout body
What is an infection?
Disease caused by a microorganism
What is the relationship between infectious organism and host?
parasitic relationship
How are colonies different from infections?
Colonies do not cause disease
What are normal flora?
Mix of organisms typically found at a site
What is a virus made of?
Types of organisms
Nucleic acid inside protein shell
What is bacteria composed of?
Types of organisms
Single celled microorganisms without true nucleus
What is a protozoa?
Types of organisms
Single celled organisms either extraintestinal or intraintestinal
What is fungi?
Types of organisms
Unicellular and can occur as yeasts or molds
Fungal diseases in humans are called what?
Types of organisms
Mycoses
Endogenous
Classification
From within - was not pathogenic but now is
Exogenous
Classification
Not from within - i.e influenza
Nosocomial
Classification
Acquired in health care setting
What are prions
Infectious particles of proteins w/ no nucleic acids
From animals to humans
What is vector transmission?
Transmission of infection
Carried by intermediate source
ex. malaria
What is vehicle transmission of infection?
Transmission of infection
Through food or water
What is droplet infection transmission
Transmission of infection
fall out within 3ft of source
What are 3 lines of defence against infections?
Defence
- mechanical barriers
- inflammation
- acquired immune response
