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general pathology > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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2
Q

Necrosis

A

exogenously induced cell death

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3
Q

Most common necrosis

A

Coagulative

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4
Q

Coagulative necrosis occurs when

A

cell proteins altered

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5
Q

Ex. of coagulative necrosis

A

Heart attack

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6
Q

Coagulative necrosis typically occurs in

A

solid internal organs

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7
Q

What occurs during Liquefactive necrosis

A

Dead cells liquify

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8
Q

What happens to tissues from liquefactive necrosis

A

Become soft

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9
Q

Where liquefactive necrosis occurs most?

A

Brain

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10
Q

Where caseous necrosis typically found

A

In tuberculosis

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11
Q

What happens to tissue from caseous necrosis

A

Become cheesy and yellow

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12
Q

What Fat necrosis causes

A

Form of liquefactive necrosis limited to fat tissue

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13
Q

Gangrene

A

dead tissue

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14
Q

lysis means

A

Dissolution of cell

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15
Q

What form of cell death is Apoptosis

A

Active form, highly regulated

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16
Q

Inflammation is

A

Response to tissue injury

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of inflammation involves how many steps

A

4

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of inflammation step 1:

A

Changes in circulation of blood

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19
Q

Pathogenesis of inflammation step 2

A

Changes in vessel wall permeability

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of inflammation step 3

A

Release of soluable mediators of inflammation

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of inflammation step 4

A

Cellular events – leukocyte emigration/Phagocytosis

22
Q

Histamine released from

A

Platelets and mast cells

23
Q

Histamine increases?

A

Blood vessel permeability

24
Q

Bradykinin is what?

A

Plasma protein

25
Q

Bradykinin does what?

A

similar to histamine/slower/incites pain

26
Q

Complement System is

A

Group of plasma proteins from liver/ inactive

27
Q

Activation of complement system leads to

A

Biologically active fragments, intermediate complexes, membrane attack complex

28
Q

Opsonization

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

29
Q

Anaphalaxis

A

histamine release w/ increased permeability

30
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Migration of leukocytes

31
Q

Cell lysis happens through

A

MAC

32
Q

Arachidonic Acid (AA) Derivatives derived from

A

Phospholipids of cell membranes

33
Q

AA metabolized through

A

Lipoxygenase pathway
Cyclooxygenase pathway

34
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Promote chemotaxis

35
Q

Lipoxins

A

Inhibit chemotaxis

36
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Cause vasodilation

37
Q

Prostacyclin

A

counters thromboxane

38
Q

Thromboxane

A

Platelet aggregation

39
Q

Emigration of leukocytes increases? how long?

A

Permeability of vessel wall/ up to several hours

40
Q

As scavengers, PMNs do what?

A

Uptake cellular debris/bacteria

40
Q

Phagocytosis causes PMNs to

A

Lose mobility, act as scavengers

41
Q

Neutrophils (PMN) are the

A

Most numerous circulating WBCs

42
Q

Eosinophils are prominent in

A

Allergic reactions

43
Q

Basophils are prominent in

A

Allergic reactions mediated by IgE

44
Q

Macrophages appear after how long?

A

3-4 days after onset

45
Q

Macrophages are

A

Phagocytic and bactericidal

46
Q

Platelets

A

fragments of cytoplasm from megakaryocytes

47
Q

Transudate

A

Fluid that passes through membrane

48
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid released from body

49
Q

Chemotaxis moves WBC’s…

A

Up and along concentration gradient

general pathology (6 decks)

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