Class 8: Respiratatory System

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract consists of

Answer 1

nose through larynx

Question 2

lower respiratory tract consists of

Answer 2

trachea through lungs

Question 3

Three parts of the pharynx

Answer 3

naso, oro, laryngo

Question 4

nasopharynx passes only…

Answer 4

air

Question 5

oropharynx and laryngopharynx pass…

Answer 5

air, food, and drink

Question 6

components of larynx (voice box)

Answer 6

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

Question 7

epiglottis function

Answer 7

flap of tissue that closes airway and directs food to the eophagus behind it

Question 8

Thyroid cartilage defining features

Answer 8

largest, laryngeal prominence, shield shaped

Question 9

cricoid cartilage function

Answer 9

connect larynx to trachea. it’s ringlike

Question 10

Trachea dimensions

Answer 10

12 cm long, 2.5 cm diameter

Question 11

trachea is supported by 16-20 rings of

Answer 11

hyaline cartilage, c-shaped

Question 12

function of rings

Answer 12

reinforce trachea and keep it from collapsing

Question 13

lungs have # of lobes on right/left?

Answer 13

3/2

Question 14

the costal surface of the lungs press against the

Answer 14

ribcage

Question 15

the mediastinal surface of the lungs face

Answer 15

medially toward the eart

Question 16

the hilum is

Answer 16

a slit through which the lung receives main bronchus, bld vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Question 17

the root of the lung consists of

Answer 17

bronchus, bld vessels, lymphatics, nerves

Question 18

right lung is shorter because

Answer 18

the liver rises high on the right side

Question 19

the left lung is taller and narrower because of the

Answer 19

heart tilting towards the left

Question 20

visceral pleura is a

Answer 20

serous membrane that covers the lungs

Question 21

parietal pleura is located

Answer 21

on the inner surface of the rib cage and superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 22

the parietal pleura adheres to the

Answer 22

mediastinum

Question 23

the pleural cavity is the

Answer 23

potential space between the pleurae

Question 24

the functions of the pleura (3)

Answer 24

reduce friction, create a pressure gradient, compartimentalization

Question 25

compartmentalization means that

Answer 25

an infection won't spread

Question 26

bronchial tree parts (3)

Answer 26

main, lobar (secondary), segmental (tertiary)

Question 27

main bronchi are supported by

Answer 27

c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 28

the lobar bronchi are supported by

Answer 28

smaller bits of cartilage

Question 29

how many lobar brochi supply each side?

Answer 29

3 on right- superior, middle, inferior, 2 on left- superior and inferior

Question 30

all bronchi are lined with

Answer 30

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 31

the terminal and respiratory bronchioles are the

Answer 31

final air passages which give rise to the alveoli

Question 32

respiratory cycle is

Answer 32

one complete inspiration and expiration

Question 33

the flow of air in and out of the lung depends on a pressure...

Answer 33

difference between outside and inside of lungs

Question 34

the internal and external intercostal muscles are synergists to the

Answer 34

diaphragm

Question 35

scalenes are synergists to the

Answer 35

diaphragm

Question 36

forced inspiration increases

Answer 36

thoracic volume

Question 37

normal quiet expiration is

Answer 37

passive

Question 38

forced expiration increases abdominal...pushes....

Answer 38

pressure, viscera up against diaphragm. forces air out

Question 39

valsalva maneuver

Answer 39

palpitation move dr taught me in college

Question 40

what part of the brain controls unconscious breathing?

Answer 40

medulla oblongata

Question 41

what part of the brain controls voluntary breathing?

Answer 41

motor cortex

Question 42

c3, 4, 5 keep the ...

Answer 42

diaphragm alive

Question 43

hyperventilation happens when

Answer 43

co2 is blown off by the body faster than it is produced, causes pH to rise

Question 44

central chemoreceptors are...

Answer 44

brainstem neurons that respond to changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 45

the pH of cerebrospinal fluid reflects the level of

Answer 45

CO2 in the blood

Question 46

peripheral chemoreceptors are located on the

Answer 46

carotid and aortic bodies of the large arteries above the heart

Question 47

peripheral chemoreceptors respond to the

Answer 47

O2, CO2, and pH of the blood

Question 48

stretch receptors are found...

Answer 48

in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles, and in the visceral pleura

Question 49

hering-breuer reflex is the

Answer 49

inflation reflex. inhibits excessive inspiration

Question 50

irritant receptors are

Answer 50

nerve endings in the epithelial cells of the airway that respond to irritants and trigger protective reflexes

Question 51

surfactant is important because

Answer 51

the alveoli need it to open up and expand

Question 52

spirometer measures

Answer 52

breath rate, depth, etc

Question 53

tidal respiratory volume is the

Answer 53

volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing

Question 54

inspiratory reserve volume is the

Answer 54

excess inhaled air

Question 55

expiratory reserve volume is the

Answer 55

excess exhaled air

Question 56

residual volume is the...

Answer 56

air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

Question 57

the vital capacity is the...

Answer 57

total amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled with maximum effort

Question 58

vital capacity is an important measurement of

Answer 58

pulmonary health

Question 59

inspiratory capacity is the

Answer 59

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

Question 60

functional residual capacity is the

Answer 60

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

Question 61

the total lung capacity is the

Answer 61

maximum amount of air the lungs can contain

Question 62

restrictive disorders limit..., examples

Answer 62

amount the lungs can be inflated, black-lung, tuberculosis

Question 63

obstructive disorders interfere with..., examples

Answer 63

airflow by narrowing or blocking the airway... asthma, chronic bronchitis

Question 64

emphysema is a combination of

Answer 64

a restrictive disorder and obstructive disorder

Question 65

eupnea definition

Answer 65

relaxed quiet breathing

Question 66

apnea definition

Answer 66

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 67

dyspnea definition

Answer 67

labored breathing

Question 68

hyperpnea definition

Answer 68

increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, etc

Question 69

hyperventilation definition

Answer 69

increased breathing

Question 70

hypoventilation definition

Answer 70

reduced breathing

Question 71

Kussmaul respiration definition

Answer 71

deep, rapid breathing induced by acidosis

Question 72

orthopnea definition

Answer 72

dyspnea that occurs when lying down

Question 73

respiratory arrest definition

Answer 73

permanent cessation of breathing

Question 74

tachypnea definition

Answer 74

accelerated respiration

Question 75

Dalton's law

Answer 75

the total atmospheric pressure is the sum of the contributions of the individual gasses

Question 76

alveolar gas exchange is the

Answer 76

back and forth traffic of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membrane

Question 77

CO2 travels in the blood as

Answer 77

carbonic acid

Question 78

the main carbamino compound is

Answer 78

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 79

hemoglobin is the specialized...

Answer 79

molecule that carries oxygen

Question 80

carbonmonoxide ties up

Answer 80

hemoglobin for a long time

Question 81

brainstem respiratory centers receive input from... monitor...

Answer 81

central and peripheral chemoreceptors that monitor the composition of blood and CF

Question 82

acidosis is

Answer 82

blood pH lower than 7.35

Question 83

alkalosis is

Answer 83

blood pH higher than 7.45

Question 84

when someone is acidodic, they will... to create homeostasis

Answer 84

hyperventilate (blow off CO2)

Question 85

hypoventilation is a corrective response to...

Answer 85

alkalosis

Question 86

ketoacidosis definition

Answer 86

acidosis brought about by rapid fat oxidation releasing acidic ketone bodies (diabetes)

Question 87

pimpin

Answer 87

ain't easy

Question 88

chronic hypoxemia is seen in what conditions?

Answer 88

emphysemia, pneumonia

Question 89

hypoxia definition

Answer 89

deficiency of oxyten

Question 90

ischemic hypoxia definition

Answer 90

inadequate circulation of blood (congestive heart failure)

Question 91

pneumothorax is the...

Answer 91

presence of air in the pleural cavity

Question 92

atelectasis is the...

Answer 92

collapse of part or all of a lung

Question 93

pneumothorax causes an...

Answer 93

atelectasis

Question 94

COPD is...

Answer 94

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 95

COPD caused by

Answer 95

chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Question 96

In emphysemia the alveolar walls...

Answer 96

break down

Question 97

in emphysemia, the lungs become...

Answer 97

fibrotic and less elastic

Question 98

effects of COPD

Answer 98

reduce pulmonary compliace, cor pulmonale

Question 99

cor pulmonale causes the...

Answer 99

right side of the heart to work harder because the pulmonary circulation is obstructed

Question 100

lung cancer accounts for more deaths than any other form of...

Answer 100

cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma)