Class 7: Vascular System Flashcards
arteries carry blood to/away heart
away
veins carry blood to/away heart
back to heart
capillaries connect…
smallest arteries to veins
Tunica Intima composed of, function
smooth endothelium, clot prevention
Tunica Media composed of, function
smooth muscle, vasoconstriction or vasodialiation
Tunica Externa has a connection to
blood vessels and tissue
Biggest Arteries are…
aorta, common corotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk, common iliac
ascending aorta are the… that supply the…
right and left coronary that supply the heart
aortic arch components
brachocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
left common carotid artery supplies
left side of head
left subclavian supplies the
shoulder and upper limb
the brachiocephalic artery supplies
the right common corotid-right side of head
right subclavian-right shoulder and upper limb
aneurysm is a
weak point in the artery or heart wall
baroreceptors sense
pressure
sensory structures monitor, 3 types
blood pressure and chemistry
- carotid sinuses
- carotid bodies
- aortic bodies
Capillaries are the site where
nutrients, wastes, and hormones bass between the blood and tissue fluid through the walls of the vessels
Mechanisms involved with capillary exchange are
diffusion and transcytosis
exchanges between the blood and surrounding tissues are made through the
capillary walls
What is the most important form of capillary exchange?
diffusion
what is help back during capillary exchange/diffusion
large particles (proteins)
precapillary sphincters control…
which beds are well perfused
when capillary sphincters open
the capillaries are well perfused with blood and exchage with the tissue fluid
when capillary sphincters close
blood bypasses the capillaries and flows through the thoroughfare to channel to the venule
3/4th of the bodies… are shut down at any give time
body’s capillaries
capillaries function to move blood via
hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
capillaries reabsorb…. of the fluid they filter
about 85%
15% of the body’s fluids are absorbed by the
lymphatic system and returned to the blood
Edema is caused by (3)
1) increased capillary filtration
2) reduced capillary absorption
3) obstructed lymphatic drainage
veins have a greater/lesser capacity for blood containment than arteries
greater
vein characteristics
thinner walls, flaccid, less muscular and elastic tissue
veins collapse when…
empty
veins are subjected to a relatively…
low blood pressure
internal jugular vein recieves most of the blood from the….
brain
branches of the external jugular vein drain the…
external structures of the head
the upper limb is drained by the…
subclavian vein
The Great Saphenous Vein is the
longest vein in the body, often used for surgeries like coronary bypass
greater saphenous vein location
all the way up the medial leg
lesser saphenous vein location
up the lateral aspect of the leg
Flow is proportional to
the change in pressure over resistance to flow
systolic pressure is
peak arterial blood pressure taken during ventricular contraction
diastolic pressure is
minimum arterial blood pressure taken during ventricular relaxation between heart beats
hypertension is
high blood pressure over 140/90
hypotension is
chronic low resting blood pressure
vasomotion is a quick and powerful way of
altering blood pressure and flow
autoregulation is the ability of tissues to
regulate their own blood supply
vasoactive chemicals are
substances secreted by platelets, endothelial cells, and perivascular tissue stimulate vasomotion
gua sha causes
reactive hyperemia
vasomotor center is located in the
medulla oblongata
the vasomotor center exerts control over
blood vessels throughout the body
the vasomotor center is the …. for… reflexes
integrating center, three autonomic
baroreflexes located in… regulate…
carotic sinus, BP via medulla
chemoreflexes are sensitive to
pH, O2 and CO2
medullary ischemic reflex is sensitive to
insufficient protein (shock)
angiotensin is a
potent vasocontrictor that raises blood pressure
aldosterone increases
blood volume and pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide increases…. lowers…
urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure
ADH promotes… and raises…
water retention, blood pressure
epinephrine and norepinephrine cause
vasoconstriction in most blood vessels and vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscle blood vessels
3 methods of venous return
- cardiac hydrostatic pressure
- skeletal muscle pumps in the limbs
- respiration causes the thoracic cage to pump blood
Transient ischemic attacks are brief episodes of…
cerebral ischemia
a stroke is a…
cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
