Class 4: Sense Organs Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
4 Types of Information Receptors Transmit
A
- Modality
- Location
- Intensity
- Duration
2
Q
Tonic Receptors Adapt…
A
slowly
3
Q
proprioceptors detect…
A
body position and movement
4
Q
free nerve endings detect
A
- pain and temperature
- skin and mucous membrane
5
Q
Tactile Discs are associated with…
A
Merkel Cells (acupuncture)
6
Q
nociceptors detect
A
pain
7
Q
two types of nociceptors
A
- fast (myelinated) sharp, stabbing
- slow (unmyelinated) diffuse, dull
8
Q
somatic pain
A
skin, muscles, joints
9
Q
visceral pain
A
organs
10
Q
bradykinins are
A
potent chemicals that stimulate pain fibers
11
Q
CNS modulates pain by releasing…
A
endorphins
12
Q
Spinal Gating function
A
- stops pain signals at the posterior horn of the spinal cord.
- blocks signals from traveling up the cord to the brain
13
Q
spinal gating
A
-stimulation distracts the transmission of the signal
14
Q
in order to have taste molecules must
A
dissolve in saliva and flood the taste pore
15
Q
five primary sensations
A
salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami
16
Q
Salty Taste produced by
A
metal ions
17
Q
Sweet Taste associated with
A
carbohydrates and other foods of high caloric value
18
Q
Sour Tastes are
A
acids, such as citrus fruits
19
Q
Bitter Taste is Associated with
A
spoiled foods
alkaloids: nicotine, caffeine, quinine, morphine
20
Q
Umami Taste associated with
A
“Meaty” taste of amino acids in chicken or beef
21
Q
taste is influenced by
A
food texture, aroma, temperature, and appearance
22
Q
Mouthfeel is detected by
A
branches of the lingual nerve in papillae
23
Q
Facial Nerve function, covers
A
involved with taste, anterior 2/3 of tongue
24
Q
Glossopharyngeal nerve location
A
posterior 1/3 of tongue
25
Vagus Nerve covers
taste buds, pharynx, and epiglottis
26
Olfaction is the sense of
smell
27
Olfactory mucosa contains
10-20 million olfactory cells, which are neurons
28
Olfactory cells are shaped like
bowling pins-cilia extensions
29
olfactory cells are neurons, t/f
T
30
fascicles of olfactory cells are collectively regarded as cranial nerve
I
31
hearing is a response to
vibrating air molecules
32
equilibruim is related to
the sense of motion, body orientation, and balance
33
hearing and equilibrium reside in the
inner ear
34
ear has three sections...
outer, middle, inner
35
outer ear components
auricle
auditory canal
external acoustic meatus
36
know parts of ear
helix, triangular fossa, antihelix, tragus, antitragus, lobule, external acoustic meatus
37
middle ear components
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Auditory (eustachian) tube
Auditory ossicles
38
Auditory tube connects...
the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
39
three components of the auditory ossicles
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
40
another name for a middle ear infection is
otitis media
41
Inner Ear components
- vestibule
- 3 semicircular ducts
- cochlea (organ of hearing)
42
Cochlea- scala media (cochlear duct)
- triangular middle chamber
- Separated from: scala vestibuli and scala tympani
- Contains spiral organ
43
Spiral Organ other name
Organ of Corti
44
Primary auditory cortex location
superior margin of the temporal lobe
45
Eyelid functions
- block foreign objects
- help with sleep
- blink to moisten
46
how many muscles attach to the exterior surface of the eyeball?
6
47
Which cranial nerves innervate the eye
III, IV, VI
48
Cataract is a clouding of
the lens
49
glaucoma is
elevated pressure within the eye due to obstruction of scleral venous sinus and improper drainage of aqueous humor
50
fovea centralis are the center of the
Macula
51
the conjunctiva is a...
transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids
52
lacrimal punctum runs down the
side of the nose
53
how many layers form the eyeball
3
54
optical component of eyeball function
admits and focuses light
55
neural component of eyeball components
the retina and optic nerve
56
photopupillary reflex is
the pupillary constriction in response to light
57
Both pupils constrict even if
only one eye is illuminated
58
Near Response requires the eyes to .... and the lens to.....
converge, accommodate
59
Photoreceptor cells functions
absorb light and generate a chemical or electrical signal
60
what are rods, cones, and certain ganglion cells?
photoreceptors
61
Which photoreceptors produce visual images?
rods and cones
62
Rod cells functions
- night
- scotopic vision
- monochromatic vision
63
Cone cells function
- color
- photopic
- day vision
64
rods contain visual...
pigment
65
what is rhodopsin
it's visual purple
66
stereoscopic vision is
depth perception
67
stereoscopic vision requires
two eyes with overlapping visual fields
68
the primary visual cortex relates to which lobe?
occipital lobes
69
Frontal sinuses location
Above Eyebrows
70
Maxillary Sinuses location
Large, behind cheeks
71
tinnitus is how common- what causes?
- affects 1 in 5
| - injury/wax/otosclerosis/poor circulation
72
will most likely see people with infections in their
middle ear?
73
two types of deafness
- conductive deafness-blockage/sclerosis
| - sensorineural deafness-death of hair cells
74
spiral organ is also called the
organ of corti
75
spiral organ has what types of cells
epithelium composed of hair cells on the basilar membrane
76
process of seeing
light passes through the cornea, lens, into the back of the eye, to the back of the eyeball
77
the retina is an outgrowth of the
diencephalon
78
attached to the eye at the
optic disc, nerve
79
examine the retina with an
opthalmoscope
80
fovea centralis is located at the
center of the macula
81
Finely detailed images received by the fovea centralis are due to
packed receptor cells
82
The optic nerve exits at the optic...
disc
83
iris diameter is controlled by
- pupillary constrictor
| - pupillary dialator
84
Near Response required three processes...
- convergence of the eyes
- constriction of the pupil
- accommodation of the lens
85
photoreceptor cells function
absorb light and generate and chemical or electrical signal
86
photoreceptor cells consist of
rods, cones, and some ganglion cells
87
only rods and cones produce
visual images
88
rods cells function to
see at night, monochromatic vision
89
cone cells function to
day vision, color
90
rods contain visual...
pigment (visual purple)
91
two major parts of visual pigment are
- opsin-protein
| - retinal-vitamin A derivative
92
rhodopsin breaks down through several enzymatic pathways and ultimately stimulates...
a threshold at the rod
93
Vitamin A is stored in the
pigmented layer of the retina
94
most common color-blindness is
red-green
95
stereoscopic vision is
depth perception
96
stereoscopic vision requires
two eyes with overlapping visual fields
97
primary visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobes
