Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Western Medicine > Class 12: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Class 12: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

function of lymphatic and immune systems

A
  • maintain fluid balance

- protect body from infection and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fluid recovery means

A

fluid continually filters from the blood capillaries into the tissue spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lacteals are located

A

in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lacteals absorb

A

dietary lipids that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lymph is similar to.. but has much less…

A

plasma, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is drawn into the lymphatic capillaries?

A

extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lymphatic capillaries are….

A

sacs of thin endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lymphatic capillaries are closed…

A

at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what opens the valve-like flaps in lymphatic capillaries?

A

interstitial fluid pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lymphatic vessels have an outer layer called

A

tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tunica media is

A

middle layer of lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tunica interna is comprised of…

A

endothelium and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

right lymphatic duct gets lymph from

A

right arm, right head and thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

right lymphatic duct drains into

A

right subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thoracic duct begins where… called what?

A

in abdomen, cisterna chyli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thoracic duct empties into…

A

left subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lymph flows how compared to venous blood

A

lower pressure and slower speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

skeletal muscle pump aids flow of…

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

arterial pulsation is..

A

rhythmic squeezing of lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thoracic pump aids flow from…

A

abdominal to thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of lymphatic cells

A
  • natural killer
  • t lymphocytes
  • b lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

natural killer cells are responsible for…

A

non-specific surveillance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

b lymphocytes when activated cause…

A

proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

all lyphocytes originate in the

A

red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

t-cell precursors travel to…

A

thymus to specialize into t-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

b-cells originate in…

A

red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

b-cells migrate to the…

A

spleen and lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

primary lymphatic organs are…

A

red bone marrow and thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

secondary lymphatic organs are

A

lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

thymus belongs to which systems?

A

endocrine, lymphatic, and immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

thymus houses…

A

developing t-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

thymus secretes…

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

thymus degenerates with…

A

age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

there are about… lymph nodes in a typical young adult

A

450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

lymph nodes serve two functions…

A

1-cleanse the lymph

2-act as a site of t and b cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

major lymph node locations

A

cervical, axillary, thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

cervical lymph nodes take lymph from…

A

head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

axillary lymph nodes take lymph from…

A

upper limb and breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

thoracic lymph nodes take lymph from

A

mediastinum, lungs, and airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

lymphadenopathy is

A

a collective term for all lymph node diseases

41
Q

cancer of lymph nodes also seems like

A

swollen, firm, and usually painless

42
Q

metastasizing cancer cells can easily enter the…

A

lymphatic vessels

43
Q

what is the body’s largest lymphatic organ?

A

spleen

44
Q

red pulp contains…

A

sinuses are filled with erythrocytes

45
Q

white pulp contains…

A

lymphocytes, macrophages surrounding small branches of splenic artery

46
Q

functions of spleen

A
  • blood production in fetus
  • blood reservoir
  • RBC disposal
47
Q

white pulp monitors the blood for…

A

foreign antigens

48
Q

pathogens are…

A

environmental agents that are capable of producing disease

  • infectious organisms
  • toxic chemicals
  • radiation
49
Q

external barrier against pathogens is…

A

skin and mucous membranes

50
Q

non specific defense mechanisms include

A 
leukocytes and macrophages
antimicrobial proteins
immune surveillance
inflammation
fever
51
Q

specific defense is…

A

immunity-defeats a pathogen and leaves the body a “memory” of it so it can defeat it faster in the future

52
Q

defensins are…

A

peptides on the skin that are antimicrobial

53
Q

acid mantle is..

A

a thin film of lactic acid from sweat which inhibits bacterial growth

54
Q

mucous membranes protect by

A

physically trapping microbes

55
Q

mucous membranes have …

A

lysozymes, which destroy bacterial cell walls

56
Q

signs of inflammation

A

redness, pain, heat, swelling

57
Q

antimicrobial proteins are known as…

A

interferons

58
Q

interferon is secreted by..

A

cells infected by viruses

59
Q

interferons function to…

A

protect neighboring cells

60
Q

interferons activate…

A

natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages

61
Q

interferons destroy…

A

the infected cell divide and the newly replicated virus spreads

62
Q

compliment system is…

A

a cascade of enzymatic reactions that creates a Membrane attack complex

63
Q

immune surveillance is…

A

when the nk cells continually patrol the body, on the lookout for pathogens and diseased host cells

64
Q

two characteristics that distinguish immunity from nonspecific resistance

A

specificity and memory

65
Q

specificity refers to…

A

immunity directed against a particular pathogen

66
Q

memory refers to…

A

when someone is re-exposed to the same pathogen, the body response is faster- no noticable illness

67
Q

lymphocytes attack…

A

foreign cells or diseased host cells directly

68
Q

b cells attack…

A

the pathogen indirectly

69
Q

t-cells are exposed to antigens…

A

after a macrophage destroys pathogen

70
Q

once exposed to antigen debris, the…

A

t-cell divides and specializes

71
Q

cytotoxic cells are…

A

killer t cells- carry out the attack on enemy cells

72
Q

helper t cells function to…

A

help promote t cell and b cell action and non-specific resistance

73
Q

regulatory t cells

A

inhibit multiplication and cytokine secretion by other t cells, limit immune response

74
Q

memory cells

A

descend from the cytotoxic t cells, responsible for memory in cellular immunity

75
Q

b cells differentiate into…

A

plasma cells and memory cells

76
Q

plasma cells produce…

A

antibodies that are specifically meant to destroy antigens

77
Q

memory cells will …

A

“remember the specific antigen, on the next encounter will produce antibodies

78
Q

what are the three stages of cellular and humoral immunity

A
  • recognition
  • attack
  • memory

three r’s -recognize, react, remember

79
Q

immunoglobulin abbreviation

A

Ig

80
Q

an Ig is an…

A

antibody found in plasma, tissue fluids, etc

81
Q

an Ig has what type of site?

A

antigen binding site

82
Q

IgG is…

A

a monomer, constitutes 80% of circulating antibodies

83
Q

how many genes are there in the human genome

A

35,000

84
Q

the human immune system is capable of how many different antibodies?

A

1 trillion

85
Q

somatic recombination is when

A

DNA segments are shuffled and form new combinations of base sequences to produce antibody genes

86
Q

IgE stimulates…

A

release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation and allergy

87
Q

somatic hypermutation is when

A

b cells in lymph nodules rapidly mutate creating new sequences

88
Q

primary immune response is…

A

the first time the body has had an immune reaction

89
Q

immune response may be

A
  • too vigorous
  • too weak
  • misdirected against own body
90
Q

how many autoimmune diseases are there?

A

at least one hundred

91
Q

natural passive immunity is..

A

temporary immunity that results from antibodies produces by mother

92
Q

artificial passive immunity is…

A

temporary immunity that results from the injection of immune serum from another person or animal

93
Q

treatment for snakebite, botulism, rabies, etc. is what type of immunity?

A

artificial passive immunity

94
Q

natural active immunity is…

A

production of ones own antibodies or t cells as a result of infection- get sick

95
Q

artificial active immunity is…

A

production of antibodies from vaccination

96
Q

vaccine consists of…

A

dead or weakened pathogens-stimulate immune response without causing disease

97
Q

booster shots are…

A

periodic immunizations that stimulate immune memory to maintain a high level of protection

98
Q

immunodeficiency disease caused by

A

immune system failing to react vigorously enough

99
Q

SCID is..

A

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Western Medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions