Class 5: The Skin Flashcards
Integumentary System consists of
hair, nails, and cutaneous glands
Skin is the most…
vulnerable organ
Skin is the body’s largest and heaviest…
organ
hypodermis is a
connective tissue layer below the dermis
Functions of skin
- resist trauma and infection
- synthesize vitamin D
- sensation
- thermoregulation
- transdermal absorbtion
Epidermis is composed of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The epidermal water barrier is…
Critical to retaining water in the body and preventing dehydration. Makes us waterproof.
Cells above the water barrier quickly…
die
5 types of cells of the epidermis are (deepest to most superficial)
- stem cells
- keratinocytes
- melanocytes
- tactile (merkel) cells
- dendritic (langerhans) cells
Outer layers of epidermis to inner
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
How many days does it take for a keratinocyte to make its way to the skin surface and flake off?
30-40 days
Dermis location, type of tissue
connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis
Dermis is composed of mainly
- collagen with elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
- fibroblasts
The Dermis is well supplied with
blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings
what is rooted in the dermis?
hair follicles and nail roots
what type of muscle is associate with hair follicles?
smooth muscle (piloerector muscles)
Hypodermis is what type of tissue?
subcutaneous
Hypodermis functions
- Pads the body
- binds the skin to underlying tissues
- absorbs injected drugs
- contains subcutaneous fat
melanin affects
skin color
people of different skin color have the same or different number of melanocytes?
same
Melanin amount varies with exposure to
UV rays of sunlight
Blueness of the skin is called
cyanosis
redness of the skin is called
erythema
pale or ashen skin is called
pallor
yellowing of the skin is called
jaundice
friction ridges are the markings on the…
fingertips that leave oily fingerprints
flexion lines are…
lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrists, and elbows
freckles and moles are made up of what?
tan to black aggregations of melanocytes
hemanglomas are
birthmarks
hemanglomas (birthmarks) are caused by
benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries
sebaceous glands produce
sebum
Eccrine glands vs Apocrine glands
types of sweat glands
eccrine gland
- most numerous
- open to pores
- not associated with hair
- don’t smell as much
apocrine gland
- less numerous
- smell
- source of pheremones
- produced during pain, fear, sexual arousal
components of a hair follicle
- follicle
- hair receptors
- piloerector muscles
Nail components
nail plate
nail bed
lunula
lunula is the
base of the nail plate
anemia will affect nails by
- thin
- raised ridges
- concave
ceruminous glands are found only in the
external ear canal
Skin Cancer is induced by
the ultraviolet rays of the sun
name the 3 types of cancer
basal, squamous, melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- most common cancer
- seldom metastasizes
- forms from cells in stratum basale
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
can be scaly, can metastasize
Malignant Melanoma
Deadly form. Often in a preexisting mole
UVA and UVB initiate
skin cancer
First degree burns
- partial thickness burn
- only epidermis
second degree burns
- partial thickness burn
- epidermis and part of dermis
third degree burns
- full thickness burn
- epidermis and all of the dermis-often require skin grafts
Bed sores are caused by, also called
tissue ischemia, decubitus ulcers
Eczema vs psoriasis
eczema will go away, psoriasis will not (autoimmune disease)
what virus causes chicken pox?
varicella zoster virus
what virus causes shingles
herpes zoster
vitiligo symptom
loss of pigmentation
warts are caused by…
viruses
are warts contagious?
Yes
Rosacea looks like
redness across face, cheeks, nose
Contact dermatitis caused by
allergic/ irritant
Seborrheic dermatitis
dandruff
perioral dermatitis
around mouth
atopic dermatitis
eczema, comes and goes
stasis dermatitis
swelling under the skin
