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URBS 230 > class 6.1 > Flashcards

class 6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

INCREMENTAL URBANIZATION

A
  • Change that happens little-by-little
  • Dominant pace of urbanization
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2
Q

INSTANT URBANIZATION

A
  • Change happens rapidly through large scale urban transformation
  • Tied to government ambitions, global inancial markets
  • Social and material processes of change
  • Transformation from rural to urban
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3
Q

SPECTACULAR URBANISM

A
  • Creation of a “global sense of place”
  • How we experience the city
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4
Q

DUBAI

A
  • A semi-autonomous emirate within the United Arab Emirates.
  • UAE is oil-rich and depends heavily on foreign workers to run its economy.
  • Emirates govern the UAE through the Federal Supreme Council.
  • Authoritarian state led by hereditary rulers.
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5
Q

DUBAI ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

A
  • Little oil within Dubai’s boundaries.
  • Historically a port city and now a major stop for international container shipping, banking, and finance.
  • Large-scale real estate development projects are key to the city’s economic growth strategy.
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6
Q

LEGAL REFORMS TO SPUR DEVELOPMENT in DUBAI

A
  • Dubai introduced legal reforms to boost real estate investment
  • Speculative real estate investment has fueled urban development in Dubai
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7
Q

the problem with focusing solely on real estate development in Dubai

A
  • Mega-projects have meant significant debt that makes Dubai vulnerable to economic downturns
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8
Q

explain how Instant urbanization isn’t a “new” phenomenon

A
  • New cities in industrial Europe (e.g. the Garden Cities movement)
  • Often linked to utopian visions of what cities can be
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9
Q

POST-INDEPENDENCE CITY-BUILDING

A

Post-WWII independence movements bring a new interest in city-building in emerging states

New cities can showcase national ambition and a new identify

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10
Q

CHANDIGARH

A

Capital city of Punjab and Haryana, commissioned following the partitioning of India.

One of the first planned cities in India post-independence.

Envisioned as a modern regional capital and home to Sikh and Hindu people leaving newly formed Pakistan

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11
Q

who master planned Chandigarh city

A

Master planned by Le Corbusier.

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12
Q

THE SYMBOLISM OF BRASILIA AND CHANDIGARH

A

New master planned cities in post-colonial countries.

Representative of modernist design and urban planning ideas from Europe and North America.

Created as a response to perceived problems of urban areas in the post-war period.

Symbolic of nation-building aspirations of new countries.

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13
Q

how are Contemporary new cities also being built as a response to perceived urban problems?

A
  • Cities that can leapfrog urban issues like sprawl, pollution, housing shortages
  • Cities that can embody a new post-colonial national identity
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14
Q

New cities today have which important differences?

A
  • Key designers and builders are from countries in the Global South
  • New networks of expertise have emerged
  • New models have emerged that reflect local architectural heritage
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15
Q

how were mid-20th century cities implemented?

A

as government projects

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16
Q

how were new cities implemented today?

A

through privatization of public spaces (e.g. financing, development process).

New cities today often have a corporate structure.

17
Q

INSTANT URBANIZATION AND THE FIRE SECTORS

A
  • Deregulation of global finance has driven processes of instant urbanization.
  • Value of new developments can be packaged as financial instruments and sold to raise building funds.
  • Oriented to attracting private sector investment (e.g. REITs, pension funds, private equity groups).
18
Q

Financialization in urbanization

A

Creation of new financial instruments and entities to extract value from land

19
Q

MEGA-PROJECTS CREATE BIG LABOR DEMAND

how?

A
  • Construction is one of the largest employers around the world.
  • Newly arrived urban migrants are a bit source of labor for the construction sector.
  • Labor force is majority male, but not exclusively so. Women tend to be over-represented in the lowest-paid roles.
20
Q

mega projects can also facilitate land-grabbing

true or false

A

true

21
Q

land-grabbing

A

the acquisition of large pieces of property or land by companies, governments, or individuals

22
Q

when does land-grabbing usually happen?

A

Often happens in informal settlements and with support from government

23
Q

NATALIE KOCH ON NEW SPECTACULAR CITIES

A
  1. Often located in non-democratic and resource-rich states
  2. Developed with strong state planning
  3. Include lavish landscapes and mega-events
  4. Intended to communicate prosperity and state benevolence

URBS 230 (21 decks)

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