class 11.1

Question 1

how can urbanization improve health care accessibility?

Answer 1

Health facilities and services are clustered in urban areas

Higher incomes in urban areas also improve general health outcomes and ability to access care

Question 2

Communicable diseases

Answer 2

spread between people, from animals to people, or to people from surfaces or food

Question 3

how does Urbanization tends to increase the spread of communicable diseases

Answer 3

Low-quality housing and infrastructure

Overcrowded housing

Poor water management systems

Question 4

URB AN MOBILITY AND THE SPREAD OF COMMUNIC ABLE DISEASES

Answer 4

just think of Covid 19

Question 5

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Answer 5

diseases that do not spread through humans or animals.

Examples: cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, psychiatric illnesses

Question 6

the largest share of global diseases

Answer 6

non-communicable diseases

Question 7

URBANIZATION & AIR POLLUTION

Answer 7

The industrial revolution was powered by coal.

In 1750, Britain produced about 5.2 million tons of coal per year.

By 1850 coal production reaches 62.5 million tons per year.

Causes enormous air pollution, with terrible health consequences.

Question 8

consequences of air pollution on health

Answer 8

cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and certain cancers

Question 9

effects of noise pollution

Answer 9

Noise pollution is linked to cardiovascular diseases, stress, hearing loss, and sleep disruption.

It has particularly significant impacts on children

major concern for big transportation sites like airports

Question 10

a major motivator for the development of separation of uses.

Motivation for utopian planning ideas like the Garden Cities movement, and the creation of zoning systems in land use planning.

Answer 10

industrial pollution

Question 11

the problem with “nuisance” land uses

Answer 11

often sited near racialized neighborhoods or communities.

Question 12

THE OPIOID CRISIS IN CITIES

Answer 12

very visible in Canadian/American cities

intersects with other types of pressures cities are experiencing:

• Erosion of housing affordability and rising homelessness
• De-industrialization and job loss
• Colonialism and the legacy of the residential school system

Question 13

FOOD DESERTS

Answer 13

Refers to areas with high levels of poverty and material deprivation, and poor accessibility to full-service grocery stories or local grocers

Question 14

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Answer 14

• Poverty & inequality
• Education & employment
• Social supports
• Discrimination, racism & trauma
• Gender & sexuality

Question 15

the jurisdiction of health in Canada

Answer 15

Shared jurisdiction divided across all levels of government

Question 16

Quebec has how many Public Health Regions with a health agency?

Answer 16

18

Question 17

Quebec law requires health authorities to do what?

Answer 17

work with municipalities to ensure different health determinants

Question 18

HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

Answer 18

scientific studies to assess how development will affect the environment or human communities

look at development planning through a health lens

Question 19

goal of health impact assessments

Answer 19

to reduce negative impacts, amplify positive impacts

Question 20

what do health impact assessments assess

Answer 20

Physical environment: air, water, hazards

Built environment: buildings, public spaces, roads

Livelihood factors: income, employment

Social and community factors: family structure, social supports

Lifestyle factors: diet, tobacco and alcohol use

Question 21

health impact assessment process

Answer 21

Often conducted by local health authorities, but can also be done by municipalities

• Screening
• Scoping
• Analysis
• Mitigation & recommendations
• Monitoring

Question 22

the only province with legislation that mandates health impact assessment for provincial legislation & policies

Answer 22

Quebec