class 3.1 Flashcards
PHYSIC AL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBURBS
Low densities
Separation of uses
Reliance on automobile infrastructure
EXURBS
Occupy the interface between urban and rural areas – parts of metropolitan regions that are beyond the suburbs and predominantly rural.
Also referred to as peri-urban spaces.
Associated with urban sprawl,
–> e.g. leapfrog development
Inner-suburbs
early suburbs
(streetcar suburbs, post-war suburbs)
Outer-suburbs
later suburbs
DEFINING SUBURBANIZATION
“Non-central population and economic growth occurring in tandem with the spatial expansion of an urban area.”
(Moos et al. 2020, p. 451).
where is population growth highest?
POPULATION GROWTH IS HIGHEST IN DOWNTOWNS AND URBAN PERIPHERIES
2016 to 2021 population growth in downtown and urban centres
Downtowns grew by 10.9%
Urban centres grew by 6.1%
IMPACT OF COVID-19
Halts rapid population growth in Canada’s downtowns seen between 2016-2019.
From 2016-2021, downtowns grew significantly.
From spring 2020-summer 2021, downtowns like Montreal and Vancouver lose population.
Why? Work from home, housing costs, slowdown in newcomers
GROWTH IN THE DISTANT SUBURBS
- Cultural perceptions of “family-friendly” spaces
- Affordability
- Immigration
ethnoburbs
suburbs with high concentrations of particular ethnic groups that form through choice rather than through discrimination
WHERE DOES THIS NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT FORM EMERGE FROM
The suburbs were “a conscious choice based on the
economic structure and cultural values of the Anglo-American bourgeoisie.
Suburbanization was not the automatic fate of the middle class in the ‘mature industrial city’ or an inevitable response to the Industrial Revolution or
so-called transportation revolution….
Suburbia, I believe, was the collective creation of the bourgeois elite in late eighteenth century London” (Fishman, 1987, p. 8-9).
EARLY SUBURBANIZATION
- A response to rapid industrial urban
growth - Prior to the 19 th century, rural land developed was constrained.
- Suburbanization (i.e. decentralization) is thus an unprecedented kind of development.
- Upper middle classes can create their own living spaces – they’re no longer tethered to the city.
NEW MIDDLE CLASS SOCIAL VALUES
Spatial segregation of social classes.
An aspirational middle class looks to the landed gentry as role models.
Image of the manor house in a park becomes the aesthetic standard of what the suburban home looks like.
THE BUSINESS OF THE SUBURBS
Demand for suburban living grows, and there’s a lot of money to be made for developers.
Suburban development raises land values in urban peripheries.
New master planned suburbs start to emerge.
