class 17 Flashcards
Areas of Freedom, Security, and Justice
Which other organizations have to deal with border issues?
(ordered in bilateral agreements) UN
what are the different issues of border control?
2 homes in 2 different countries, marriage, and divorce (ban on divorce in Ireland)
what are the three pillars of the Maastricht Treaty?
a) Communities. single market, political, economic, and monetary union
b) common foreign and security policy
c) cooperation in justice and home affairs
when were the pillars abolished?
(2007) through the lisbon treaty
when was the Schengen Agreement
1985
what was the Schengen Agreement?
(1985) France, Germany, and the Benelux (come together in creating external borders and police cooperation within, cannot wait for EU, lead by France and Germany)
what and when were the 4 nordic countries that joined the Schengen Agreement? NDFS
norway, denmark, finland and sweden, Iceland in 1995
Why could Ireland not participate in the Schengen Agreement?
UK was not interested in participating, Ireland would’ve been but no common travel area with the UK, and they couldn’t have that
what is the aim for the Schengen Agreement?
abolish border checks, make it easier to cross borders and strengthening external border (non Schengen members could get in) and judicial cooperation
why was the Schengen Agreement a problem?
Because it was not democratic and the EU was
When was the Maastricht Treaty?
1993
Explain the third pillar more specifically.
asylum policy, crossing of external borders, immigration , combating, drug addiction, combatting international fraud, judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters, customs cooperation , police cooperation
What is the 40.3.3?
ban on abortion in Ireland
what was the problem with the Maastricht Treaty?
the Schengen agreement still existed
How was the Amsterdam Treaty brought together?
Schengen agreement brought within the framework of the Union
To what name did the Lisbon Treaty abolish the pillar structure?
Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice and made it more use of qualified majority voting
Explain the October 2017 issue
Catalonia’s president held a referendum on independence, with 92% voting yes. Spain declared it unconstitutional, sought his extradition from Belgium, and accused him of rebellion. The case was later ruled not a rebellion, but remains unresolved
What does the October 2017 show?
It shows it’s not perfect, but there weren’t any wars
what are the key objectives of AFSJ?
Ensure no internal border checks, with a unified asylum, immigration, and external border policy, promoting fairness and solidarity among member states AND all relayed to EU citizenship in the Maastricht treaty
Explain the Human Rights Promotion in the EU (2017 initiating this process) Internally
- Article 2 of the TEU (treaty of European Union)
- Article 7
- Roman people were discriminated against in a lot of parts of Europe (the commission initiated Art 7 proceedings against Hunagray (2018) and Poland (2017) introduced Lisbon treaty)
explain article 2 of the TEU
the union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for the human rights of persons belonging to minorities
Explain Article 7 of the TEU
is the main treaty mechanism to deal with member states that breach the values outlined in Article 2
Explain the Human Rights Promotion in the EU (2017 initiating this process) Externally
a) prerequisite for countries seeking to join the Union eg. Turkey (abolishing death penalty and gender discrimination)
b) a precondition for countries who have concluded trade and other agreement with the Union eg. Russia V. Ukraine and the case of Zimbabwe
What are the future challenges?
no internal market without control of external borders
