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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do big mammals need a transport system

A

Low SA:V

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2
Q

Give 2 things blood transports

A

Hormones

O2/CO2

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3
Q

Give 3 ways arteries are adapted for their function

A

Thick muscular walls
Elastic tissue
Folded endothelium

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4
Q

How does a does thick muscular walls help the arteries

A

Maintain high p

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5
Q

How does elastic tissue help arteries

A

Allow to stretch and recoil at every heart beat to maintain high p

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6
Q

Why is a folded endothelium useful for arteries

A

Allows it to stretch to maintain high p

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7
Q

Give 3 ways veins are adapted for their function

A

Wide lumen
Very little elastic or muscle tissue
Valves

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8
Q

Explain how a wide lumen is goof for veins

A

Stop any résistance to blood flow

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9
Q

Explain why veins have little muscle or elastic tissue

A

Blood not under high p

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10
Q

Explain why veins have valves

A

Prevent back flow of blood

As it’s under low p

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11
Q

How do surrounding muscles help blood flow back to the heart

A

Blood in VEINS under low p

So surrounding body muscle contract to push the blood

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12
Q

What is the function of artérioles

A

Directs blood to certain areas by muscles inside arterioles. Contract = restrict flow

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13
Q

Give 3 ways capillaries are adapted for their function and why

A

Very near cells in exchange tissues = short diffusion pathway
Walls only 1 cell thick = short diffusion pathway
Large numbers = increase SA

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14
Q

What is a capillary bed

A

Networks of capillaries in tissue

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15
Q

What is tissue fluid

A

Fluid that surrounds cells

Made of small molecules that leave blood plasma eg. Water/O2

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16
Q

Why does tissue not contain red blood cells or big proteins

A

Too large to be pushed out of capillary walls

17
Q

Explain pressure filtration

A
  1. At artériole end: higher hydrostatic pressure in Capillaries than tissue fluid
  2. Pushes fluid out of capillaries into spaces around cells
  3. Hydrostatic p in capillaries decreases at venule end
  4. Because fluid has left. The conc of plasma protein increases inside the capillary
  5. Lower water potential in capillary than tissue fluid
  6. Water moves into capillary by osmosis down water potential grad
18
Q

Where does excess tissue fluid go

A

Drains into the lymphatic system

19
Q

Why does water renter capillaries at the venule end

A

The water potential is lower in the capillary than In the tissue fluid. Because large plasma proteins can’t leave the capillary so their conc increases

20
Q

Why does fluid move out of the capillary at the arteriole end

A

The capillary has a higher hydrostatic pressure than the tissue fluid forcing fluid out down the p grad

21
Q

Why can high p be bad in relation to tissue fluid

A

High hydrostatic pressure forces out more tissue fluid. So it accumulates more

22
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves

A

Between atria and ventricles

23
Q

Where are the semi lunar valves

A

Between the ventricles and the aorta/pulmonary artery

24
Q

What is the function of cords in the heart

A

Attach atrioventricular valves to the ventricles

Stop them being forced up into the atria when the ventricles contract

25
Q

When will a valve open

A

High pressure behind it

26
Q

Why do valves only work in 1 direction

A

Blood can only flow in 1 direction

27
Q

Give the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. Atria systole
  2. Ventricular systole
  3. Diastole
28
Q

Explain atria systole

A

Atria volume decrease
Atria p increase
Pushes blood into ventricles
Slight Increase in ventricular pressure and volume as blood is received

29
Q

Explain ventricular systole

A 
Ventricle volume decrease 
Ventricle p increase 
P higher in ventricles than atria 
AV valves close 
P is higher in ventricles than aorta/pulm artery 
SL valve opens 
Blood enters aorta/pulm artery
30
Q

Explain diastole

A

Higher p in aorta/pulm artery than ventricles
SL valves shut
Blood returns to heart
High p in vena cava/pulm vein than atria
Atria fill
Atria p higher than ventricles
AV valves open

31
Q

What does passive blood flow mean

A

Not pushed by contraction

Eg. In atria to the ventricles during diastole

Biology (13 decks)

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