Cells

Question 1

Function of cell membrane

Answer 1

Regulates movement in and out of cell

Question 2

Function of nucleus

Answer 2

Contains dna

Control cell activities

Question 3

Function of mitochondria

Answer 3

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 4

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 4

Processes and packages lipids and proteins

Question 5

Function of golgi vesicles

Answer 5

Stores lipids and proteins made at Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Function of lysosomes

Answer 6

Contain lysozymes
Digest invading cells in phagocytosis
Break down worn out parts of the cell

Question 7

Function of ribosome

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Folds proteins

Question 9

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Lipid synthesis

Question 10

Function of cell walls

Answer 10

Support and structure

Stops celL change going shape

Question 11

What is the cell wall made of in plants and algae

Answer 11

Cellulose

Question 12

What is the cell wall made of in fungi

Answer 12

Chitin

Question 13

What is the function of cell vacuole

Answer 13

Maintain p inside cell
Keeps cell rigid
Stops plant wilting
Isolâtes unwanted chemicals

Question 14

Name 3 organelles that plant cells have but not animal cells

Answer 14

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 15

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis

Question 16

What is the fluid in chloroplasts

Answer 16

Stroma

Question 17

What is the membrane inside chloroplasts

Answer 17

Thylakoid membrane

Question 18

What are stacked thylakoid membrane called

Answer 18

Grana

Question 19

What are grana linked by

Answer 19

Lamellae

Question 20

Define tissue

Answer 20

Group of specialised cells for a specific function

Question 21

What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotes

Answer 21

Murein

Glycoproteins

Question 22

Function of flagella

Answer 22

Rotates to move cell

Question 23

What are plasmids

Answer 23

Small loops of dna

Can be passed between prokaryotes

Question 24

What do prokaryotes have instead of a nucleus

Answer 24

Circular dna

Not attached to histone proteins

Question 25

Draw a prokaryote

Answer 25

-

Question 26

What are viruses made of

Answer 26

Nucleic acid

Question 27

What are the 3 structures in a virus

Answer 27

Capsid Attachment protein Genetic material (dna/rna)

Question 28

Function of attachment proteins

Answer 28

Attach to host cell to insert dna into it

Question 29

What is a capsid

Answer 29

Protein coat

Question 30

Equation for magnification

Answer 30

Image/réal

Question 31

Define resolution

Answer 31

How well 2 points that are close together can be distinguished

Question 32

Define magnification

Answer 32

How much bigger an image is that the specimen

Question 33

How do optical microscopes form an image

Answer 33

Light

Question 34

What is the resolution of optical microscopes

Answer 34

0.2um

Question 35

What is the max mag on optical microscopes

Answer 35

1500

Question 36

What organelles can be seen on an optical microscope

Answer 36

Nucleus | Mitochondria

Question 37

What is the magnification of electron microscopes

Answer 37

1500000

Question 38

What is the resolution of electron microscopes

Answer 38

0.0002um

Question 39

What are the 2 types of electron microscopes

Answer 39

Transmission electron Scanning electron

Question 40

How do transmission electron microscopes form an image

Answer 40

Electromagnets focus a beam of electrons transmitted through specimen.

Question 41

How do scanning electron microscopes form an image

Answer 41

Electrons are scanned across specimen Knocking off electrons from the specimen Which are gathered in a ray tube

Question 42

Why do some parts of the Image in TEMs look darker

Answer 42

Denser parts of cell absorb more e

Question 43

Positive of TEMs

Answer 43

High resolution

Question 44

Negatives of TEMs

Answer 44

Need thin specimens

Question 45

2 Positives of SEMs

Answer 45

Can used thick specimens | Form 3D images

Question 46

Negative of SEMs compared to TEMs

Answer 46

Lower res

Question 47

Name 3 stages of cell fractionation

Answer 47

Homogenisation Filtration Ultracentrifugation

Question 48

Describe homogenisation

Answer 48

1. Grind cells in blended | 2. Breaks up plasma membrane releasing organelles into solution

Question 49

What conditions does the solution need to be in homogenisation and why

Answer 49

Ice cold = reduce enzyme activity of enzymes that break down organelles eg. Lysozymes Isotonic = same water potential as the cells = water doesn’t damage cells by osmosis Buffered = maintain ph

Question 50

Describe filtration in cell fractionation

Answer 50

Homogenised soil upon filtered through gauze | Separate large cell and tissue debris from organelles

Question 51

Describe ultracentrifugation

Answer 51

1. Pour cell fragments into tube 2. Spin in centrifuge at low speed 3. Heaviest organelles sink to the bottom = pellet 4. Lighter organelles stay suspended = supernatant 5. Drain supernatant and repeat at higher speeds

Question 52

What organelles have a double membrane

Answer 52

Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Question 53

What is the membrane around the vacuole

Answer 53

Tonoplast

Question 54

What is the folded outer membrane in the mitochondria called

Answer 54

Cristae

Question 55

What is the inside of a the mitochondria called

Answer 55

Matrix

Question 56

What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus

Answer 56

Nuclear envelope

Question 57

What structure in the nucleus makes ribosomes

Answer 57

Nucléolus

Question 58

What is the function of the pores in the nuclear envelope

Answer 58

Allow rna to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 59

What is the function of the envelope around a virus

Answer 59

Defence against immune attack

Question 60

What is the viral envelope made of

Answer 60

Made of previous host cell