Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
How do atheromas form
Damage to artery endothelium
By high blood p, white blood cells or lipids clumping to form fatty streaks
Build up of these abs connective tissues harden to form the fibrous plaque
Why are atheromas bad
Partially blocks lumen of artery
Restricts blood flow
Increase blood p
What is coronary heart disease
Coronary arteries contain lots of atheromas
Restricting blood flow to the heart
What is the scientific word for heart attack
Myocardial infarction
What diseases can atheromas cause
Myocardial infarction
Aneurysm
Thrombosis
What is an aneurysm
Blood travels through weakened artery at high blood p
Pushing inner layers of the artery (eg. The muscle layer) through the outer elastic layer
Forming all on like swelling
What happens when an aneurysm bursts
Haemorrhage
How is thrombosis formed
Atheroma ruptures the endothelium of the artery
Damages artery wall
Leaves rough surface
Platelets and fibrin accumulate at rough surface
Form blood clot
Blocking artery
What is a simple definition of thrombosis
Blood clot
Why is thrombosis bad
Block artery
Debris from rupture can cause a blood clot elsewhere
What cause myocardial infarction
Interrupted blood flow to the heart eg. By atheroma or thrombosis
Heart muscle doesn’t receive oxygen for respiration
Symptoms of myocardial infarction
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Death
What are 3 risk factors to cardiovascular disease
Poor diet
Smoking
High blood p
Why does poor diet increase risk of CD
Increase blood cholesterol
One of the main constituents in fatty deposits of atheromas
Increase in Salt = increases blood p = aneurysm and thrombosis
Why does smoking Increase chance of cd
Contains nicotine ans CO
Nicotine = increase blood p
CO = reduces amount Of oxygen in blood = myocardial infarction
Reduces amount of antioxidants = less protection against cell damage = atheroma
