Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean by partially permeable

A

Allows some molecules to enter/exit but not all

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2
Q

Why is the phospholipid bilayer fluid mosaic

A

Phospholipids constantly moving
Cholesterol, transport and receptor proteins scattered through phospholipids
Some proteins can move sideways
Proteins to polysaccharides = glycoproteins
Lipids attached to lipid = glycolipids

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3
Q

Why does the bilayer not allow polar substances through

A

Polar molecules are water soluble

And the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic so repel water

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4
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

A

Helps maintain shape of cells of animal cells without - especially red blood cells not supported by other cells

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5
Q

How does cholesterol work

A

Fits between phospholipids by binding to the fatty acid tails
Making phospholipids pack more closely together
Restricting the movement = more rigid

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6
Q

What is the permeability like at 0 and why

A

Highly permeable

Phospholipids don’t have much energy = packed closely together = rigid
Channel proteins and carrier proteins deform = allow anything through
Ice crystals pierce membrane leaving holes when it thaws

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7
Q

What is the permeability at 0-45 and why

A

Partially permeable

Phospholipids aren’t packed as close together
And have more energy so move more

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8
Q

What is the permeability like at 45+ and why

A

Highly permeable

Bilayer breaks down
Water inside cell expands putting p on memebran s
Channel and carrier proteins deform

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9
Q

Is facilitated diffusion passive

A

Yes

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10
Q

Why do large molecules need transport proteins

A

Too large

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11
Q

What type of protein do large molecules use

A

Carrier proteins

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12
Q

What type of protein do polar molecules use

A

Channel proteins

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13
Q

How do carrier proteins work

A
  1. Large molecule attatches
  2. Protein changes shape releasing the molecule on the other side
    Down conc grad
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14
Q

How do channel proteins work

A

Pores for charged particles of move through down conc grad

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15
Q

What are 3 factors affecting simple diffusion

A

Conc grad
Thickness of exchange surface
Surface area

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16
Q

How does conc grad affect simple diffusion

A

High cg = higher rate

As diffusion happens the cg decreases until uqm reached (both sides the same concentration) so diffusion slows over time

17
Q

How does thickness affect simple diffusion

A

Thin = rate increases

Shorter diffusion pathway

18
Q

How does sa affect simple diffusion

A

Increase sa = rate

More particles can be exchanged in the same amount of time

19
Q

How does microvilli increase rate of diffusion in small intestine

A

Microvilli = projections of plasma membrane folding up on itself
Increases sa

20
Q

What are 2 things that facilitated diffusion depend on

A

Conc grad

No of transport proteins

21
Q

How does no of transport proteins affect rate of facilitated diffusion

A

If all proteins are being used then no more can get through even in conc grad increases

22
Q

How has the kidney adapted for more facilitée diffusion

A

Lots of aquaporins (water channel proteins) to speed of water réabsorption

23
Q

If a solution has a high water potential what does that mean

A

High water conc

Low solute conc

24
Q

What 3 things does osomosis rats dépend on

A

Water potential gradient
Thickness of exchange surface
Surface area

25
What proteins are used in active transport
Carrier
26
What direction do molecules move in active transport
From low conc to high
27
What does actual transport need
Energy (from atp hydrolysis)
28
What is co transport
Bind to 2 molecules At once | Use the conc grad of one molecule to transport the other against theirs
29
What 3 factors affect the rate of active transport
Speed of carrier proteins Number of carrier proteins Rate of respiration/availability of atp
30
Why is co transport needed In the ileum
The conc of glucose is too low to diffuse down its conc grad by diffusion