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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

The circulatory system function

A

Carries food and oxygen to every cell in the body. It also carries water products, to where they can be removed.

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2
Q

Double circulatory system

A
  • one transport system carries blood from heart to lungs and back.
  • the other transport system carries blood from the heart to all other organs of the body and back
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3
Q

Heart

A

Is pumping organ that keeps the blood flowing around the body. It’s a muscle of the size of fist. It contains valves which prevents back-flow.

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4
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The heart needs it own supply of oxygenated blood. These arteries surround the heart and making sure that the heart gets all the oxygenated blood it needs.

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5
Q

Pacemaker

A

The heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium wall that act as pacemaker. These cells produce small electric impulse which contract the surrounding muscle.

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6
Q

Four chambers of heart

A

Right atrium, ventricle

Left atrium, ventricle

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7
Q

Three types of blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood under pressure. The walls are thick and made of elastic fiber. They have a small lumen and contain thick layers of muscle to make them strong and elastic.

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

One cell thick to increase the rate of diffusiom. Exchange substances with every cell in the body. They have permeable walls. They supply food and oxygen and take away Co2.

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10
Q

Veins

A

Blood is at low pressure. Relativley thin walls with a thin layer of muscle. They have big lumen. Contains valves to protect the back flow.

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11
Q

Blood

A

Is a tissue. The main job is to transport. There are four main parts of blood.

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12
Q

Red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to all the cells in the body. It has binocave shape to increase the surface area. Contains hameoglobin.

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13
Q

White blood cells

A

Part of the body’s defence system against microorganisms. There are phagocyte and lymphocyte.

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14
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of cells. They have no nucleus. They help blood to clot at a wound- to prevent bleeding out and infection.

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15
Q

Plasma

A

A liquid that carries everything in blood. Red and white blood cells and platelets are suspended. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids. Carbon dioxide, hormones, urea, proteins, antibodies and antitoxins.

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16
Q

Pumping hearth

A
  • blood enters the atria of the heart
  • atria contracts and blood flows to ventricles
  • ventricles contract and blood flows out of the hearth
17
Q

How many main chambers does hearth have?

A

4

  • right and left atria
  • right and left ventricle
18
Q

Valves in hearth…

A

prevent a backflow.

19
Q

Oxygenated blood has…

A

bright red colour.

20
Q

Deoxygenated blood has…

A

deep purple-red colour.

21
Q

Valves

A

Open as the blood flows through, but if the blood starts to flow backwards the valves close and prevent backflow.

22
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

The muscle around the veins which squeezes the veins and forces the blood back to the hearth.

23
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

In lungs where there is a high concentration of oxygen, haemoglobin combines with oxygen. In other organs (low concentration of oxygen)it splits back to oxygen and haemoglobin.

24
Q

Phagocyte

A

Type of white blood cell that can change shape to gobble up unwanted microorganisms in the process called phagocytosis.

25
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Type of white blood cell that produce antibodies that fight microorganisms and antitoxins to neutralize any toxins produced.

26
Q

Blood clotting

A

Is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that result in the change of fibrinogen into fibrin. This produces a network of protein fibres, which capture red blood cells and more platelets to from jelly-like clot.

27
Q

Jelly-like clot dries…

A

and hardens to form a scab. The scab protects the new skin as it grows and prevents bacteria from getting into the wound.

28
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Is a red pigment that carries an oxygen.

29
Q

Antigens

A

Proteins on the surface of cells.

30
Q

Why is blood red?

A

There are much more red blood cells than any other cells.

31
Q

Why is it not accurate to call blood liquid?

A

Plasma is liquid with suspended cells in it.

Biology (31 decks)

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