Cell Organisation and Enzymes

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Are basic buildings bricks that make up all living organisms.

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

Is a small group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. E.g. muscular tissue, glandular tissue(make enzymes and hormones), epithelial tissue(covers parts of body)

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

Is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function.

Question 4

Organ system

Answer 4

Is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function.

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

Is a catalyst produced by living things. It’s a large protein, made up of chains of amino acids. These chains are folded into unique shapes, which enzymes need for their job.

Question 6

Chemical reaction involves….

Answer 6

Things either being split apart or joined together.

Question 7

Active site

Answer 7

Has a unique shape that fits onto the substance involved in the reaction, allowing the substance to bind to the active site.

Question 8

Limiting factors of enzymes

Answer 8

• temperature every enzyme have an optimum temperature that they work best at
• pH interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme together. Changes in pH denatures the enzyme.

Question 9

Digestive enzymes

Answer 9

Break down big molecules, so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 10

Carbohydrates are converted into….

Answer 10

Simple sugars by carbohydrases

Question 11

Amylase

Answer 11

Is an example of carbohydrases. It breaks down starch. It is made in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.

Question 12

Proteins are converted to….

Answer 12

Amino acids by proteases.

Question 13

Proteases

Answer 13

Made in stomach(pepsin), pancreas, small intestine.

Question 14

Lipids are converted to…

Answer 14

Glycerol and fatty acids by lipases.

Question 15

Lipases

Answer 15

Made in pancreas and small intestine.

Question 16

Bile (not an enzyme)

Answer 16

Neutralizes the stomach acids and emulsified fats. Produced in liver, sores in gall bladder before it’s released to small intestine. Bile is an alkaline- it neutralizes the acid. Enzymes in small intestine work best at alkaline conditions. It breaks down fat into tiny droplets. Makes digestion faster.

Question 17

Salivary glands

Answer 17

Produces amylase enzyme in the saliva.

Question 18

Liver

Answer 18

Bile is produced. It neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 19

Gall bladder

Answer 19

Where bile is stored, before released to small intestine.

Question 20

Large intestine

Answer 20

Where excess of water is absorbed from food.

Question 21

Rectum

Answer 21

Where the faces are stored.

Question 22

Small intestine

Answer 22

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. This is also place where the digested food is absorbed into the blood.

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. It releases this into small intestine.

Question 24

Stomach

Answer 24

It churn the food with its muscular walls. It produces protease enzyme pepsin. It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the pepsin enzyme to work.

Question 25

To test presence of sugars use…

Answer 25

Benedict’s solution. If yes, changes from blue to green, yellow or brick-red depending on how much sugar is in the food.

Question 26

To test presence of starch use….

Answer 26

Iodine solution. If yes, change from browny-orange to black or blue-black.

Question 27

To test presence of proteins use…

Answer 27

Biuret solution. If yes, the solution will change from blue to pink or purple.

Question 28

To test presence of lipids use…

Answer 28

Sudan lll stain solution. If yes, mixture separate to two layers, top will be red.

Question 29

Substrate

Answer 29

A molecule that fits into the protein and it is broken down.

Question 30

Uses of enzymes

Answer 30

• building large molecules from lots of smaller ones
• changing one molecule into another
• breaking large molecules into smaller ones(digestion)

Question 31

The high temperature when you are ill causes…

Answer 31

the enzymes to get denaturated.

Question 32

The digestive enzymes work…

Answer 32

outside the cells.

Question 33

Mucus produced by stomach…

Answer 33

is used to coat the stomach walls and protect them from being digested by the acid and enzymes.