Chpt 8 non violent resistance Flashcards
1
Q
QUESTION
A
OPTION 1
2
Q
- Conflict is considered an inherent characteristic of human society because: (a. People inherently dislike each other, b. Disputes and grievances are inevitable in human interactions, c. Wars are necessary for societal development, d. Cooperation is absent in human relationships)
A
Answer: b
3
Q
- What is the basis for many conflicts in human societies, as mentioned in the text? (a. Lack of resources, b. Oppression, injustice, and bad governance, c. Miscommunication among nations, d. Technological advancements)
A
Answer: b
4
Q
- Nonviolent resistance is described as: (a. The refusal to engage in any form of conflict, b. The peaceful rejection of oppressive laws and practices, c. Passive acceptance of injustice, d. The use of minimal violence for a just cause)
A
Answer: b
5
Q
- Who is associated with the moral philosophy of Ahimsa, which emphasizes nonviolence? (a. Martin Luther King Jr., b. Mahatma Gandhi, c. Nelson Mandela, d. Henry David Thoreau)
A
Answer: b
6
Q
- According to the text, structural violence refers to: (a. The physical harm caused during protests, b. Systemic inequalities embedded in societal structures, c. Cultural resistance against foreign domination, d. Violent retaliation by oppressed groups)
A
Answer: b
7
Q
- What was a key feature of the Anabaptist Christians’ ideology in Europe during the 16th century? (a. Support for military intervention, b. Rejection of all forms of violence, c. Advocacy for absolute monarchy, d. Emphasis on cultural dominance)
A
Answer: b
8
Q
- The historical roots of nonviolence can be traced back to: (a. The Industrial Revolution, b. The teachings of Buddha and Socrates, c. The Renaissance period, d. The Quaker movement in England)
A
Answer: b
9
Q
- Which method was NOT listed as a form of nonviolent struggle? (a. Strikes, b. Military coups, c. Boycotts, d. Peaceful marches)
A
Answer: b
10
Q
- According to the text, a major advantage of nonviolent resistance is: (a. Quick resolution of conflicts through coercion, b. Emphasis on mutual gain and peaceful settlements, c. Replacement of oppressive governments with force, d. Avoidance of negotiations)
A
Answer: b
11
Q
- What does the term “cultural nonviolence” encompass? (a. The use of propaganda to prevent conflict, b. Traditions and philosophies that promote nonviolent behavior, c. Structural reforms to address inequality, d. Use of diplomacy to suppress dissent)
A
Answer: b
12
Q
- Which historical document is associated with Henry David Thoreau’s nonviolent protest? (a. The Declaration of Independence, b. The Emancipation Proclamation, c. Essay on the Virtue of Civil Disobedience, d. The Magna Carta)
A
Answer: c
13
Q
- What is a primary requirement for successful nonviolent action? (a. Armed resistance, b. Cooperation with oppressive rulers, c. Defiance and resilience against punishment, d. Complete withdrawal from political activities)
A
Answer: c
14
Q
- Nonviolent resistance gained international prominence after the independence of which country? (a. United States, b. South Africa, c. India, d. Nigeria)
A
Answer: c
15
Q
- Which concept is NOT associated with nonviolent resistance? (a. Direct action, b. Coercion through physical force, c. Withdrawal of obedience, d. Problem-solving through dialogue)
A
Answer: b
16
Q
- Lederach’s theory of conflict transformation defines conflict as: (a. A negative force to be avoided, b. A positive agent for social change, c. A source of perpetual harm, d. A necessary evil)
A
Answer: b
17
Q
- The Quaker movement’s nonviolent resistance was directed against: (a. Slavery in America, b. British governments during Oliver Cromwell’s era, c. Racial segregation in South Africa, d. Religious persecution in the Middle East)
A
Answer: b
18
Q
- The principle aim of nonviolent struggle, as emphasized in the text, is: (a. Victory over the opposition, b. Destruction of the opponent’s power, c. Mutual gain and realization of justice, d. Escalation of conflict to attain dominance)
A
Answer: c
19
Q
- Which philosopher asserted that centuries must elapse before thought can influence action? (a. Socrates, b. Mahatma Gandhi, c. A.N. Whitehead, d. Francis Bacon)
A
Answer: c
20
Q
- The term “structural nonviolence” refers to societal structures that: (a. Perpetuate systemic oppression, b. Promote reconciliation and equality, c. Ignore cultural differences, d. Restrict democratic participation)
A
Answer: b
21
Q
- How is cultural nonviolence maintained in society? (a. Through democratic governance, b. By honoring traditions of peace and nonviolent behavior, c. By enforcing strict laws against protests, d. By isolating conflicting parties)
A
Answer: b
22
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a principle of nonviolent resistance? (a. Abstaining from physical force, b. Engaging in active opposition to oppression, c. Adopting coercive tactics to gain power, d. Promoting justice and equality)
A
Answer: c
23
Q
- What was the role of the Bhagavad Gita in the history of nonviolent resistance? (a. It inspired violent uprisings, b. It laid the philosophical foundation for nonviolence, c. It introduced the concept of political obedience, d. It was used as a religious text for colonial rulers)
A
Answer: b
24
Q
- Which factor contributes to the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance? (a. The willingness to compromise ethical values, b. Unity and courage among the oppressed, c. Reliance on external military aid, d. Absolute adherence to governmental policies)
A
Answer: b
25
Q
- Which country’s independence struggle is most often cited as a successful example of nonviolent resistance? (a. Nigeria, b. India, c. France, d. South Korea)
A
Answer: b
26
Q
- According to Nagler (1997), the goal of nonviolent action is: (a. Mutual destruction of opposing parties, b. Achievement of justice through mutual gain, c. Absolute victory over opposition, d. Avoidance of any form of dialogue)
A
Answer: b
27
Q
- What is the primary danger of using violence as a method in conflict resolution? (a) It solves problems permanently, (b) It creates new and complicated problems, (c) It promotes social progress, (d) It ensures justice for all
A
Answer: (b) It creates new and complicated problems
28
Q
- According to Washington (1968), what would be the legacy of violence in struggles for justice? (a) Eternal peace and goodwill, (b) Endless reign of chaos, (c) Social progress and harmony, (d) Moral and ethical leadership
A
Answer: (b) Endless reign of chaos
29
Q
- What does negative peace signify, as described in the text? (a) The absence of war and tension, (b) The presence of justice and goodwill, (c) Forced submission to insult and injustice, (d) Active efforts for equality and fairness
A
Answer: (c) Forced submission to insult and injustice
30
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nonviolent resistance? (a) It is a method for cowards, (b) It avoids physical aggression, (c) It focuses on defeating evil forces, (d) It is based on the principle of love
A
Answer: (a) It is a method for cowards
31
Q
- What is the primary aim of nonviolent resistance according to the text? (a) To defeat the opponent, (b) To win the opponent’s support and understanding, (c) To ensure complete dominance over the opponent, (d) To avoid conflict altogether
A
Answer: (b) To win the opponent’s support and understanding
32
Q
- What stands at the center of nonviolence? (a) Retaliation, (b) Internal violence of spirit, (c) The principle of love, (d) Sentimental emotions
A
Answer: (c) The principle of love
33
Q
- What does the term “cosmic companionship” refer to in the context of nonviolence? (a) Faith in humanity, (b) Trust in divine justice, (c) Dependence on physical strength, (d) Belief in luck
A
Answer: (b) Trust in divine justice
34
Q
- Which of the following is a method of nonviolent resistance? (a) Armed rebellion, (b) Protest march, (c) Guerrilla warfare, (d) Violent demonstrations
A
Answer: (b) Protest march
35
Q
- What factor is NOT part of the criteria for selecting a nonviolent resistance method? (a) Effectiveness, (b) Appropriateness, (c) Suitability, (d) Aggression
A
Answer: (d) Aggression
36
Q
- What is a common mistake made during general strikes in developing nations? (a) Strategic planning, (b) High participation rates, (c) Adequate training, (d) Lack of planning
A
Answer: (d) Lack of planning
37
Q
- What is the aim of non-cooperation? (a) To support the opponent’s goals, (b) To withdraw support and impede the opponent’s objectives, (c) To obey and cooperate with the opponent, (d) To foster economic growth
A
Answer: (b) To withdraw support and impede the opponent’s objectives
38
Q
- What is the most powerful weapon in the arsenal of nonviolent struggles? (a) Armed rebellion, (b) General strike, (c) Hunger strike, (d) Sit-ins
A
Answer: (b) General strike
39
Q
- What does nonviolent intervention seek to achieve? (a) Destruction of the opponent, (b) Disruption of normal activities to advance objectives, (c) Physical confrontation with the opponent, (d) Complete obedience to the authority
A
Answer: (b) Disruption of normal activities to advance objectives
40
Q
- Which of the following is a form of protest and persuasion? (a) Guerrilla warfare, (b) Boycotts, (c) Marches and parades, (d) Hunger strikes
A
Answer: (c) Marches and parades
41
Q
- What is a significant limitation of protest and persuasion? (a) Lack of widespread attention, (b) Overarching objectives may not be achieved alone, (c) It fails to expose opponents’ actions, (d) It discourages communication of grievances
A
Answer: (b) Overarching objectives may not be achieved alone
42
Q
- What is the primary goal of political non-cooperation? (a) To support the authority’s actions, (b) To continue obedience under duress, (c) To boycott elections and resist political systems, (d) To withdraw from economic cooperation only
A
Answer: (c) To boycott elections and resist political systems
43
Q
- Conversion as a mechanism of change entails: (a) The target group’s complete rejection of nonviolent goals, (b) A change in the target group’s perspective and acceptance of objectives, (c) Strengthening the target group’s existing opinions, (d) Using coercion to achieve objectives
A
Answer: (b) A change in the target group’s perspective and acceptance of objectives
44
Q
- Accommodation in nonviolent struggle refers to: (a) Acceptance of demands to avoid higher costs, (b) Complete collapse of authority, (c) Change in deeply held opinions, (d) Total withdrawal of support from the opponent
A
Answer: (a) Acceptance of demands to avoid higher costs
45
Q
- What is the result of disintegration in nonviolent movements? (a) Continuation of authority’s power, (b) Collapse of an establishment, (c) Strengthening of the opposition, (d) Increased resistance to demands
A
Answer: (b) Collapse of an establishment
46
Q
- What is emphasized as essential for resolving crises? (a) Avoiding interaction with opponents, (b) Effective communication, (c) Increased aggression, (d) Dependence on violence
A
Answer: (b) Effective communication
47
Q
- What is a prerequisite for effective nonviolent resistance? (a) Limited use of available methods, (b) Lack of preparation and training, (c) Careful planning and strategic implementation, (d) Complete reliance on external support
A
Answer: (c) Careful planning and strategic implementation
48
Q
- How can nonviolent protagonists sustain interest in their actions? (a) Using repetitive and predictable methods, (b) Adopting new and creative action methods, (c) Avoiding broad participation, (d) Disregarding the need for training
A
Answer: (b) Adopting new and creative action methods
49
Q
- What role does singing and music play in nonviolent protests? (a) It reduces participation, (b) It makes protests aggressive, (c) It boosts morale and conveys opposition, (d) It weakens the impact of the protests
A
Answer: (c) It boosts morale and conveys opposition
50
Q
- What is the central idea of the principle of love in nonviolence? (a) Sentimental emotions and attachment, (b) Retaliation and bitterness, (c) Understanding and goodwill without seeking returns, (d) Aggression against the opponent
A
Answer: (c) Understanding and goodwill without seeking returns
51
Q
- Why is knowledge important in nonviolent action? (a) It encourages ignorance of methods, (b) It strengthens unprepared actions, (c) It equips participants to counter opponents effectively, (d) It reduces participation in protests
A
Answer: (c) It equips participants to counter opponents effectively
52
Q
- What was the primary cause of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? (a) Economic disparity (b) Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat (c) Taxation policies (d) Labor strikes
A
Answer: b) Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat
53
Q
- Which court ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional during the Montgomery Bus Boycott? (a) The Alabama State Court (b) The Court of Appeals (c) The U.S. Supreme Court (d) The Civil Rights Court
A
Answer: c) The U.S. Supreme Court
54
Q
- What was the primary strategy adopted by leaders of the Civil Rights Movement? (a) Violent uprisings (b) Labor strikes (c) Nonviolent resistance (d) Economic boycotts
A
Answer: c) Nonviolent resistance
55
Q
- What was Gandhi’s Salt March in 1930 aimed at protesting? (a) Taxation of farmers (b) British colonial laws on salt (c) Segregation laws (d) Forced labor
A
Answer: b) British colonial laws on salt
56
Q
- What organization was formed by the Ogoni people to address environmental degradation? (a) National Youth Council of Ogoni People (NYCOP) (b) Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) (c) Niger Delta Development Commission (d) Ogoni Environmental Forum
A
Answer: b) Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP)
57
Q
- What method did the Aba Women’s Riot of 1929 use to achieve their goals? (a) Armed resistance (b) Negotiation with local leaders (c) Nonviolent protests and demonstrations (d) Boycotting imported goods
A
Answer: c) Nonviolent protests and demonstrations
58
Q
- What was a key demand of the Ogoni people during their protests? (a) The introduction of free education (b) An end to environmental degradation (c) Increased oil production (d) Tax relief for farmers
A
Answer: b) An end to environmental degradation
59
Q
- What was the outcome of the Aba Women’s Riot? (a) The establishment of women’s suffrage (b) The abolition of the Warrant Chief system (c) Increased taxation for women (d) Strengthened colonial authority
A
Answer: b) The abolition of the Warrant Chief system
60
Q
- How did the Niger Delta women protest against Chevron-Texaco in 2002? (a) Organized a strike (b) Held company executives hostage (c) Invaded and seized company facilities (d) Filed a lawsuit
A
Answer: c) Invaded and seized company facilities
61
Q
- What was the key feature of Gandhi’s Salt March? (a) Violent resistance (b) Collaboration with the British (c) Gathering seawater to produce salt (d) Boycotting imported goods
A
Answer: c) Gathering seawater to produce salt
62
Q
- What was the main cause of the 1991 protests in Madagascar? (a) Taxation issues (b) Fraudulent elections (c) Oil exploration (d) Poor infrastructure
A
Answer: b) Fraudulent elections
63
Q
- How did the Ogoni people ensure the effectiveness of their 1993 election boycott? (a) International sanctions (b) Armed resistance (c) Monitoring polling stations (d) Collaboration with other ethnic groups
A
Answer: c) Monitoring polling stations
64
Q
- What was a significant achievement of the labor strikes in the U.S. in the early 20th century? (a) Abolition of segregation (b) Recognition of labor unions (c) Implementation of an eight-hour workday (d) Universal healthcare
A
Answer: c) Implementation of an eight-hour workday
65
Q
- What inspired rural African women to protest taxation in 1926? (a) High living costs (b) Fear of losing their land (c) Introduction of the census (d) Lack of education opportunities
A
Answer: c) Introduction of the census
66
Q
- What strategy did Ken Saro-Wiwa and MOSOP use to gain international recognition? (a) Armed rebellion (b) Violent demonstrations (c) Nonviolent campaigns and persuasion (d) Environmental sabotage
A
Answer: c) Nonviolent campaigns and persuasion
67
Q
- Which group led the protests against oil companies in Escravos in 2002? (a) MOSOP (b) Rural African Women (c) Nigerian youth groups (d) Niger Delta Avengers
A
Answer: b) Rural African Women
68
Q
- What was the focus of the National Youth Council of Ogoni People (NYCOP)? (a) Education reform (b) Protecting minority rights (c) Reducing oil production (d) Taxation policies
A
Answer: b) Protecting minority rights
69
Q
- Which colonial law sparked protests in Nigeria in the early 20th century? (a) Land Alienation Act (b) Warrant Chief System (c) Oil Exploration Act (d) Segregation Act
A
Answer: b) Warrant Chief System
70
Q
- What is a key disadvantage of violent conflict as highlighted in the text? (a) It results in international sanctions (b) It impairs societal development (c) It increases taxation (d) It discourages youth participation
A
Answer: b) It impairs societal development
71
Q
- How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last? (a) Three months (b) Six months (c) Over one year (d) Two years
A
Answer: c) Over one year
72
Q
- What spurred the Aba Women’s Riot of 1929? (a) Discriminatory hiring practices (b) Taxation of women (c) Forced conscription (d) Segregation laws
A
Answer: b) Taxation of women
73
Q
- What was the effect of the protests led by Niger Delta women in 2002? (a) Suspension of oil exploration (b) Improved community infrastructure (c) Reduction in oil prices (d) Abolishment of environmental laws
A
Answer: b) Improved community infrastructure
74
Q
- What did Gandhi’s Salt March symbolize? (a) Opposition to British monopoly (b) Unity among Indian ethnic groups (c) Support for colonial rule (d) Economic independence
A
Answer: a) Opposition to British monopoly
75
Q
- Who became a spokesperson for the Ogoni people during their struggle? (a) J.O. Ann Robinson (b) Rosa Parks (c) Ken Saro-Wiwa (d) Mahatma Gandhi
A
Answer: c) Ken Saro-Wiwa
76
Q
- What was a key outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? (a) Economic equality (b) Equal access to education (c) Desegregation of public buses (d) Voting rights for women
A
Answer: c) Desegregation of public buses
