Chpt 7 media language and communication in peace and conflict Flashcards
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QUESTION
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OPTION 1
2
Q
- What is the primary role of language, according to the text? (a) To preserve culture (b) To express thoughts and ideas (c) To communicate emotions (d) To facilitate trade
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Answer: b) To express thoughts and ideas
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- Which scholar defined language as the “key to the heart of a people”? (a) Sapir (b) Ocho (c) Moulton (d) Adejimola
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Answer: c) Moulton
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- What is the scientific study of human conflict and war known as? (a) Polemology (b) Sociology (c) Conflict theory (d) Psychopathology
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Answer: a) Polemology
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- According to the text, what is said to be the driving force behind conflict escalation or de-escalation? (a) Communication (b) Religion (c) Economic factors (d) Cultural differences
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Answer: a) Communication
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- What is one of the goals of effective communication in conflict management? (a) To manipulate emotions (b) To confuse parties (c) To elicit feedback (d) To escalate conflict
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Answer: c) To elicit feedback
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- Which of the following is NOT a type of media mentioned in the text? (a) Print media (b) Social media (c) Academic journals (d) Electronic media
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Answer: c) Academic journals
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- What does the concept of ‘conflict management’ primarily aim to do? (a) Completely resolve conflicts (b) Minimize or contain conflict (c) Escalate conflicts (d) Prevent any form of conflict
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Answer: b) Minimize or contain conflict
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- What is the purpose of media in conflict resolution, according to the text? (a) To escalate tensions (b) To inform and educate (c) To encourage violence (d) To remain neutral
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Answer: b) To inform and educate
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- According to Imo (2008), what is the primary goal of communication? (a) To entertain (b) To influence others (c) To establish trust (d) To manipulate perceptions
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Answer: b) To influence others
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- Which of the following is considered a mass medium? (a) Radio (b) Personal letters (c) Telephone calls (d) Face-to-face conversations
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Answer: a) Radio
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- In conflict management, what approach involves reducing the negative effects of conflict? (a) Synergistic approach (b) Integrated conflict management (c) Village square paradigm (d) Problem-solving approach
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Answer: b) Integrated conflict management
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- What is one potential negative effect of media use in conflict, as highlighted in the text? (a) Promoting understanding (b) Spreading misinformation (c) Reducing hostility (d) Facilitating dialogue
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Answer: b) Spreading misinformation
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- Which of the following is an example of social media? (a) Newspapers (b) Television (c) Facebook (d) Radio
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Answer: c) Facebook
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- What does the term ‘peace journalism’ refer to? (a) Reporting on political events (b) Gathering and transforming information about conflicts (c) Using media to escalate conflicts (d) Ignoring issues of conflict in the media
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Answer: b) Gathering and transforming information about conflicts
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- Which strategy is often adopted by the media to resolve conflict, as mentioned in the text? (a) Conflict creation (b) Conflict escalation (c) Conflict prevention (d) Conflict denial
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Answer: c) Conflict prevention
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- In conflict management, what does the ‘village square paradigm’ emphasize? (a) Preventing conflict from happening (b) Identifying viable resolution options (c) Ignoring the root causes of conflict (d) Reducing the media’s involvement
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Answer: b) Identifying viable resolution options
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- What is the main function of language in communication, according to the text? (a) To manipulate the receiver (b) To express, preserve, and transmit culture (c) To entertain the receiver (d) To escalate conflicts
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Answer: b) To express, preserve, and transmit culture
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- According to the text, which of the following is a major factor in peace building? (a) Cultural isolation (b) Media framing (c) Conflict continuation (d) Public indifference
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Answer: b) Media framing
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- What is the primary role of the mass media in conflict resolution? (a) To promote war (b) To generate conflict (c) To provide neutral and balanced information (d) To remain silent during conflicts
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Answer: c) To provide neutral and balanced information
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- Which of the following is a key characteristic of conflict management? (a) Complete resolution (b) Conflict minimization (c) Avoidance of conflict (d) Conflict manipulation
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Answer: b) Conflict minimization
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- Which term refers to the process of reporting and addressing conflict through media? (a) Conflict creation (b) Conflict reporting (c) Conflict escalation (d) Conflict avoidance
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Answer: b) Conflict reporting
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- What is a major challenge in conflict reporting, according to the text? (a) Sensationalism (b) Objectivity (c) Impartiality (d) Transparency
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Answer: a) Sensationalism
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- According to the text, what should be avoided in conflict reporting? (a) Balanced reporting (b) Sensationalism (c) Neutrality (d) Accurate information
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Answer: b) Sensationalism
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24. What is the effect of biased media reporting in conflict situations? (a) It promotes peace (b) It reduces tensions (c) It fuels conflict (d) It facilitates understanding
Answer: c) It fuels conflict
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25. Which of the following is an ethical responsibility of the media in conflict situations? (a) To escalate tensions (b) To remain neutral and accurate (c) To ignore the conflict (d) To be biased in reporting
Answer: b) To remain neutral and accurate
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1. What is considered a physical barrier in communication? (a) Language barrier (b) Emotional barrier (c) Hearing and speech problems (d) Psychological barrier
Answer: (c) Hearing and speech problems
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2. Psychological barriers to communication can result from: (a) Negative and destructive differences (b) Unclear language (c) Use of complicated terms (d) External noise
Answer: (a) Negative and destructive differences
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3. What can psychological barriers cause in communication? (a) Clear feedback (b) Avenues for effective communication (c) Blocked avenues for feedback (d) Neutral emotions
Answer: (c) Blocked avenues for feedback
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4. A language barrier often involves: (a) Use of jargon and complex terms (b) Listening too much (c) Attitudinal differences (d) Emotional responses
Answer: (a) Use of jargon and complex terms
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5. How can the media contribute to conflict? (a) By spreading false information (b) By dousing tensions (c) By promoting peace and unity (d) By airing hate messages
Answer: (d) By airing hate messages
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6. Which of the following is an example of an attitudinal barrier? (a) Stereotyping (b) Noise interference (c) Hearing impairments (d) Misunderstandings due to language
Answer: (a) Stereotyping
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7. Effective communication in conflict situations requires messages to be: (a) Contradictory (b) Unclear and complex (c) Simple and unambiguous (d) Delivered in writing only
Answer: (c) Simple and unambiguous
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8. What is crucial for message retention in conflict communication? (a) Multiple communication channels (b) Choosing the wrong medium (c) Using contradictory messages (d) Choosing the appropriate medium
Answer: (d) Choosing the appropriate medium
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9. Which of the following is NOT a medium used in conflict communication? (a) Letters (b) Memoranda (c) Personal attacks (d) Press releases
Answer: (c) Personal attacks
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10. Effective communication in conflict management must allow for: (a) Timely feedback (b) Sensationalism (c) False assumptions (d) Complex terminology
Answer: (a) Timely feedback
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11. In conflict resolution, communication and language facilitate: (a) Escalation of conflicts (b) Social isolation (c) Dialogue and negotiation (d) Avoidance of mediation
Answer: (c) Dialogue and negotiation
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12. Non-verbal communication in conflict situations includes: (a) Silence (b) Signs, body movements, facial expressions (c) Written statements (d) Telephonic communication
Answer: (b) Signs, body movements, facial expressions
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13. What is essential in the mediator's communication during conflict resolution? (a) Talking constantly (b) Ignoring the concerns of the parties (c) Listening effectively (d) Avoiding eye contact
Answer: (c) Listening effectively
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14. What is a key reason for communication gaps causing conflict? (a) Clear communication (b) Effective listening (c) Misunderstanding of messages (d) Sharing information
Answer: (c) Misunderstanding of messages
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15. Effective listening in conflict resolution helps to: (a) Avoid misunderstandings (b) Create communication gaps (c) Escalate conflict (d) Encourage unilateral decisions
Answer: (a) Avoid misunderstandings
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16. In mediation, body language such as nodding of the head may indicate: (a) Indifference (b) Disagreement (c) Approval (d) Avoidance
Answer: (c) Approval
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17. Confidence-building during conflict resolution can be achieved by: (a) Ignoring the concerns of the parties (b) Allowing one-sided discussions (c) Facilitating open dialogue (d) Making abrupt decisions
Answer: (c) Facilitating open dialogue
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18. What role does the media play in conflict management? (a) Creating chaos (b) Providing false information (c) Sensitizing the public and promoting peace (d) Ignoring conflicts
Answer: (c) Sensitizing the public and promoting peace
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19. What is the purpose of using language and communication in third-party interventions such as mediation? (a) To escalate tensions (b) To facilitate understanding and resolution (c) To cause misunderstandings (d) To manipulate the parties involved
Answer: (b) To facilitate understanding and resolution
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20. In the context of conflict resolution, effective communication requires: (a) Contradictory messages (b) Non-contradictory messages (c) No feedback (d) Personal biases
Answer: (b) Non-contradictory messages
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21. Mediation and negotiation during conflict rely heavily on: (a) Aggressive language (b) Body language and non-verbal cues (c) Silence and avoidance (d) Personal threats
Answer: (b) Body language and non-verbal cues
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22. The use of the media in conflict resolution helps to: (a) Silence the public (b) Spread rumors (c) Dispel rumors and encourage peace (d) Create fear
Answer: (c) Dispel rumors and encourage peace
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23. Which of the following is NOT part of the conflict resolution process? (a) Mediation (b) Collaboration (c) Litigation (d) Isolation
Answer: (d) Isolation
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24. According to Schramm (1969), in conflict situations, messages should: (a) Only serve to escalate conflict (b) Be tailored to meet the needs of the group (c) Avoid any group-specific suggestions (d) Be ambiguous to avoid confrontation
Answer: (b) Be tailored to meet the needs of the group
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25. Which of the following is a function of communication in conflict resolution? (a) To ignore the emotions of the parties involved (b) To spread negative stereotypes (c) To facilitate resolution through dialogue and understanding (d) To prevent any form of negotiation
Answer: (c) To facilitate resolution through dialogue and understanding
