Chpt 3 Theories Of Social Conflict

Question 1

QUESTION

Answer 1

OPTION 1

Question 2

1. (What does sociological conflict focus on? a) Social collectivities and groups b) The psychological conflicts of individuals c) The behavior of individuals in society d) The pursuit of incompatible interests and goals by different groups)

Answer 2

Answer: d) The pursuit of incompatible interests and goals by different groups

Question 3

2. (What does the term ‘conflict’ typically refer to in sociology? a) Absence of consensus between groups b) Personal disagreements between individuals c) Psychological struggles within the mind d) Disputes over individual achievements)

Answer 3

Answer: a) Absence of consensus between groups

Question 4

3. (Which theorist defined conflict as “the pursuit of incompatible interests and goals by different groups”? a) David Franci b) Karl Marx c) Georg Simmel d) Ralph Dahrendorf)

Answer 4

Answer: d) Ralph Dahrendorf

Question 5

4. (Which of the following is a key distinction between sociological and psychological approaches to conflict? a) Sociological studies focus on groups, while psychological studies focus on individuals b) Psychologists deal with groups and sociologists with individuals c) Sociologists use conflict as a concept for personal growth d) Both sociologists and psychologists focus on individuals)

Answer 5

Answer: a) Sociological studies focus on groups, while psychological studies focus on individuals

Question 6

5. (What is the main concern of conflict theorists in sociology? a) The coercive nature of sanctions b) Voluntary conformity to social norms c) The preservation of social peace d) Individual mental health)

Answer 6

Answer: c) The preservation of social peace

Question 7

6. (According to functionalists and structuralists, social actors conform to norms due to: a) Anticipation of rewards and punishments b) Natural social instincts c) Political pressures from authorities d) Moral obligation)

Answer 7

Answer: a) Anticipation of rewards and punishments

Question 8

7. (What is a key characteristic of conflict theory? a) It emphasizes coercion and power dynamics within society b) It focuses on the harmonious cooperation of society c) It promotes societal equality through voluntary means d) It examines individual behavior rather than group actions)

Answer 8

Answer: a) It emphasizes coercion and power dynamics within society

Question 9

8. (Which theorist is known for dividing society into two classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat? a) Karl Marx b) Georg Simmel c) David Lockwood d) Ralph Dahrendorf)

Answer 9

Answer: a) Karl Marx

Question 10

9. (Georg Simmel’s view of conflict emphasized: a) The salutary effect of conflict in preserving social groups b) A division between the bourgeoisie and proletariat c) Conflict as a result of external forces only d) A peaceful resolution of all conflicts)

Answer 10

Answer: a) The salutary effect of conflict in preserving social groups

Question 11

10. (Who extended Simmel’s view of conflict by suggesting that conflict can occur along multiple axes? a) Lewis Coser b) Karl Marx c) David Lockwood d) Ralph Dahrendorf)

Answer 11

Answer: a) Lewis Coser

Question 12

11. (What aspect of society does Ralph Dahrendorf believe causes conflict? a) Distribution of power and authority b) Class struggles c) Economic inequalities d) Family dynamics)

Answer 12

Answer: a) Distribution of power and authority

Question 13

12. (David Lockwood’s classification of conflict includes: a) System conflict and social conflict b) Class conflict and economic conflict c) Individual conflict and group conflict d) Interpersonal and political conflict)

Answer 13

Answer: a) System conflict and social conflict

Question 14

13. (What is an example of system conflict according to Lockwood? a) A conflict between a political sub-system and an economic sub-system b) A quarrel between two members of the same family c) A disagreement between a teacher and a student d) A strike by workers for better conditions)

Answer 14

Answer: a) A conflict between a political sub-system and an economic sub-system

Question 15

14. (What does Marx’s theory of conflict focus on? a) Class antagonism and control of economic surplus b) Political ideologies and social peace c) Psychological development of individuals d) Personal struggles within family units)

Answer 15

Answer: a) Class antagonism and control of economic surplus

Question 16

15. (In Marx’s view, society progresses through the stages of: a) Primitive-communal, slaveholding, feudal, capitalist b) Capitalist, socialist, democratic, utopian c) Economic, political, cultural, and technological d) Rural, urban, industrial, post-industrial)

Answer 16

Answer: a) Primitive-communal, slaveholding, feudal, capitalist

Question 17

16. (Which theorist proposed that society will reach a classless stage after the proletariat revolution? a) Karl Marx b) Georg Simmel c) Ralph Dahrendorf d) Lewis Coser)

Answer 17

Answer: a) Karl Marx

Question 18

17. (What term did Gordon (1978) use to describe Marx’s vision of conflict? a) Eschatological conflict theory b) Structural conflict theory c) Class conflict theory d) Frustration-aggression theory)

Answer 18

Answer: a) Eschatological conflict theory

Question 19

18. (What does the eschatological conflict theory suggest? a) Conflict is a temporary phase that will end with a classless society b) Conflict is inherent in human nature and cannot be resolved c) Conflict will always exist due to power dynamics d) Conflict is beneficial for societal development)

Answer 19

Answer: a) Conflict is a temporary phase that will end with a classless society

Question 20

19. (Which theory emphasizes that frustration always leads to aggression? a) Frustration-Aggression theory b) Marxist theory c) Conflict resolution theory d) Structural functionalism)

Answer 20

Answer: a) Frustration-Aggression theory

Question 21

20. (What does the Frustration-Aggression hypothesis suggest? a) Frustration leads to aggressive behavior b) Aggression is always unrelated to frustration c) Frustration leads to passive behavior d) Aggression is caused solely by social norms)

Answer 21

Answer: a) Frustration leads to aggressive behavior

Question 22

21. (Who co-authored the original Frustration-Aggression theory? a) Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears b) Marx and Engels c) Simmel and Coser d) Dahrendorf and Lockwood)

Answer 22

Answer: a) Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears

Question 23

22. (Which statement is true regarding the revised Frustration-Aggression theory? a) Frustration does not always lead to aggression b) Aggression is an inevitable outcome of frustration c) Frustration is irrelevant to aggression d) All forms of frustration lead to violent outbursts)

Answer 23

Answer: a) Frustration does not always lead to aggression

Question 24

23. (What is the main critique of the original Frustration-Aggression theory? a) It over-generalized the relationship between frustration and aggression b) It ignored the role of external social influences c) It was too focused on individual psychology d) It did not account for cultural differences in aggression)

Answer 24

Answer: a) It over-generalized the relationship between frustration and aggression

Question 25

24. (What does the term “cross-cutting” conflict refer to? a) Conflicts that occur along multiple axes or lines in society b) A conflict between two parties from the same social class c) The resolution of conflicts through peaceful means d) A form of conflict that does not involve power struggles)

Answer 25

Answer: a) Conflicts that occur along multiple axes or lines in society

Question 26

25. (In which system does system conflict arise, according to Lockwood? a) When there is an incompatibility of institutional needs or positions b) From conflicts between individual members of society c) Through personal grievances in a family d) Due to political instability in government)

Answer 26

Answer: a) When there is an incompatibility of institutional needs or positions

Question 27

26. (According to the text, the role of conflict in society can be: a) To preserve or transform social structures b) To maintain social order without change c) To create lasting divisions in society d) To prevent social development)

Answer 27

Answer: a) To preserve or transform social structures

Question 28

27. (Which of the following theorists believed that conflict could be a legitimate component of social life? a) Georg Simmel b) Karl Marx c) David Lockwood d) Ralph Dahrendorf)

Answer 28

Answer: a) Georg Simmel

Question 29

28. (The concept of “sociation” refers to: a) Social interaction that may lead to conflict b) A peaceful resolution of conflict c) The collective effort to reduce conflict d) The establishment of a conflict-free society)

Answer 29

Answer: a) Social interaction that may lead to conflict

Question 30

29. (What is one possible result of unresolved conflict, according to Simmel? a) The group may experience lasting harm or disintegration b) The conflict always leads to societal improvement c) Conflict has no lasting impact on social groups d) Conflicts automatically lead to social peace)

Answer 30

Answer: a) The group may experience lasting harm or disintegration

Question 31

30. (Which theory explains the emergence of conflict due to the distribution of power and authority in society? a) Dahrendorf’s theory b) Marx’s theory c) Coser’s theory d) Lockwood’s theory)

Answer 31

Answer: a) Dahrendorf’s theory

Question 32

1. According to the revised Frustration-Aggression (F-A) hypothesis, frustration: (a) Always leads to aggression. (b) Instigates behavior that may or may not be hostile or aggressive. (c) Only leads to physical violence. (d) Causes hostility only in political contexts.

Answer 32

Answer: b) Instigates behavior that may or may not be hostile or aggressive.

Question 33

2. The Human Needs Theory was proposed by: (a) John Burton. (b) Abraham Maslow. (c) Sigmund Freud. (d) Edward Azar.

Answer 33

Answer: b) John Burton.

Question 34

3. Maslow’s theory on human needs is hierarchical, with the first level of needs being: (a) Safety and security. (b) Food, water, and shelter. (c) Self-esteem. (d) Personal fulfillment.

Answer 34

Answer: b) Food, water, and shelter.

Question 35

4. According to Burton and other theorists, human needs are: (a) Met through economic growth. (b) Hierarchical and sequential. (c) Dependent on social status. (d) Sought simultaneously and intensely.

Answer 35

Answer: b) Hierarchical and sequential.

Question 36

5. Identity in the context of Human Needs Theory is defined as: (a) The need to develop self-esteem in isolation. (b) A sense of self in relation to the outside world. (c) The need for recognition in political institutions. (d) A psychological sense of self only.

Answer 36

Answer: b) A sense of self in relation to the outside world.

Question 37

6. The need for freedom, according to Human Needs Theory, refers to: (a) Freedom of expression. (b) Economic independence. (c) The need for self-actualization. (d) Physical, political, or civil restraints.

Answer 37

Answer: d) Physical, political, or civil restraints.

Question 38

7. What does relative deprivation theory focus on? (a) The ability of states to enforce laws. (b) The economic inequality in a society. (c) The perception of unmet expectations compared to actual capabilities. (d) The psychological process of self-fulfillment.

Answer 38

Answer: c) The perception of unmet expectations compared to actual capabilities.

Question 39

8. In relative deprivation, “value expectations” refer to: (a) The resources available in a community. (b) The political rights granted to citizens. (c) The goods and conditions people believe they are entitled to. (d) The natural resources available to society.

Answer 39

Answer: c) The goods and conditions people believe they are entitled to.

Question 40

9. According to Gurr’s relative deprivation theory, civil violence is linked to: (a) The economic status of a country. (b) Frustration arising from unmet value expectations. (c) The political ideology of the rebels. (d) The strength of the state’s governance.

Answer 40

Answer: b) Frustration arising from unmet value expectations.

Question 41

10. Gurr’s definition of “value capabilities” refers to: (a) The amount of natural resources in a country. (b) The level of political repression in a society. (c) The goods and conditions people believe they can actually obtain. (d) The state’s ability to control social unrest.

Answer 41

Answer: c) The goods and conditions people believe they can actually obtain.

Question 42

11. The Greed vs. Grievance theory was developed by: (a) Paul Collier. (b) John Burton. (c) Abraham Maslow. (d) Edward Azar.

Answer 42

Answer: a) Paul Collier.

Question 43

12. The Greed vs. Grievance theory differentiates between: (a) Economic motives (greed) and social-political motives (grievance). (b) Social needs and personal desires. (c) International and domestic conflicts. (d) Collective and individual motivations.

Answer 43

Answer: a) Economic motives (greed) and social-political motives (grievance).

Question 44

13. According to Collier and Hoeffler, which of the following is a major motivator for rebellion? (a) Economic opportunity through looting. (b) Religious beliefs. (c) Cultural differences. (d) Personal safety concerns.

Answer 44

Answer: a) Economic opportunity through looting.

Question 45

14. What do Collier and Hoeffler argue about the motives for rebellion? (a) Rebellions are motivated by both greed and grievance. (b) Rebellions have no clear motivators. (c) Rebellions are caused solely by economic disparity. (d) Rebellions are purely a result of political oppression.

Answer 45

Answer: a) Rebellions are motivated by both greed and grievance.

Question 46

15. Azar’s Theory of Protracted Social Conflict (PSC) focuses on: (a) The power of the state to control insurgents. (b) The struggle by communal groups for basic needs such as security and recognition. (c) Religious and cultural conflicts exclusively. (d) Economic growth as a primary factor in conflict.

Answer 46

Answer: b) The struggle by communal groups for basic needs such as security and recognition.

Question 47

16. According to Azar, which of the following is NOT a precondition for protracted social conflict? (a) Communal identity struggles. (b) Failure to address human needs. (c) Strong international alliances. (d) Weak governance.

Answer 47

Answer: c) Strong international alliances.

Question 48

17. Which of the following is a key element in the concept of protracted social conflict? (a) The prolonged struggle by groups to meet basic human needs. (b) The dominance of a single political ideology. (c) The role of individual political aspirations. (d) The competition for natural resources.

Answer 48

Answer: a) The prolonged struggle by groups to meet basic human needs.

Question 49

18. What is the role of governance in Azar’s Theory of PSC? (a) Governance either satisfies or frustrates communal needs. (b) Governance only deals with economic issues. (c) Governance solely focuses on military defense. (d) Governance is not important in PSC.

Answer 49

Answer: a) Governance either satisfies or frustrates communal needs.

Question 50

19. Which of the following factors is NOT part of Azar’s theory on PSC? (a) Political exclusion and repression. (b) The role of local governance in promoting unity. (c) Economic inequality within a society. (d) International linkages influencing domestic politics.

Answer 50

Answer: b) The role of local governance in promoting unity.

Question 51

20. Azar emphasizes that the failure of the state to satisfy needs results in: (a) Economic prosperity. (b) Protracted and often violent conflict. (c) Cultural unity. (d) Peaceful negotiations.

Answer 51

Answer: b) Protracted and often violent conflict.

Question 52

21. According to Azar, the critical factor in PSC is: (a) The economic resources available. (b) The state’s ability to address communal needs. (c) International sanctions. (d) The strength of the military forces.

Answer 52

Answer: b) The state’s ability to address communal needs.

Question 53

22. Gurr’s theory on relative deprivation suggests that: (a) Social movements are always non-violent. (b) People’s perception of deprivation can lead to violent social movements. (c) Economic equality can solve all conflicts. (d) Governments can easily suppress such movements.

Answer 53

Answer: b) People’s perception of deprivation can lead to violent social movements.

Question 54

23. According to Collier and Hoeffler, what increases the likelihood of rebellion? (a) The absence of natural resources. (b) The opportunity to loot and extort financial resources. (c) The presence of peaceful political dialogue. (d) International peace treaties.

Answer 54

Answer: b) The opportunity to loot and extort financial resources.

Question 55

24. Relative deprivation theory is most concerned with: (a) The quality of leadership in a state. (b) The gap between what people expect and what they can achieve. (c) The state’s economic prosperity. (d) The religious differences within a society.

Answer 55

Answer: b) The gap between what people expect and what they can achieve.

Question 56

25. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, after basic physiological needs are met, people seek: (a) Love and belonging. (b) Safety and security. (c) Self-esteem. (d) Personal fulfillment.

Answer 56

Answer: b) Safety and security.

Question 57

26. What is the primary criticism of the Human Needs Theory? (a) It lacks a clear hierarchy of needs. (b) It overemphasizes material needs over psychological needs. (c) It assumes all conflicts are a result of identity struggles. (d) It fails to address economic issues.

Answer 57

Answer: b) It overemphasizes material needs over psychological needs.

Question 58

27. Azar’s Theory of Protracted Social Conflict (PSC) argues that long-term conflicts are typically driven by: (a) Economic competition between states. (b) The absence of international intervention. (c) Unmet human needs within communal groups. (d) Political ideologies alone.

Answer 58

Answer: c) Unmet human needs within communal groups.

Question 59

28. The concept of “identity” in Human Needs Theory relates to: (a) The desire to maintain control over political institutions. (b) A sense of self in relation to the outside world. (c) The ability to create economic independence. (d) The need for security in the home.

Answer 59

Answer: b) A sense of self in relation to the outside world.

Question 60

29. Which of the following best describes the nature of conflict according to relative deprivation theory? (a) Conflict arises from perceived frustration and unmet expectations. (b) Conflict is solely caused by resource scarcity. (c) Conflict arises only from ideological differences. (d) Conflict is the result of strong political leadership.

Answer 60

Answer: a) Conflict arises from perceived frustration and unmet expectations.

Question 61

30. According to Gurr’s relative deprivation theory, when people feel deprived, they are likely to experience: (a) Anger and frustration. (b) Contentment and acceptance. (c) Disinterest in social movements. (d) Indifference to political change.

Answer 61

Answer: a) Anger and frustration.