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GSP 202 > 10-20 > Flashcards

10-20 Flashcards

1
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

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2
Q

What organization played a key role in promoting peace concepts from diverse cultures around the world? a) United Nations University for Peace b) African Union c) European Union d) World Health Organization

A

Answer: a) United Nations University for Peace. Explanation: The United Nations University for Peace has incorporated peace concepts from various global cultures, such as the African concept of Ubuntu and the Indian concept of Satyagraha, promoting a multi-cultural outlook on peace.

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3
Q

The inclusion of basic skills in conflict resolution for Nigerian university undergraduates is intended to: a) Teach military tactics b) Promote violent resistance c) Equip students to handle conflict non-violently d) Teach international relations

A

Answer: c) Equip students to handle conflict non-violently. Explanation: The goal of teaching Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution (GST 222) to undergraduates is to equip students with nonviolent methods of handling conflicts in personal and societal contexts.

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4
Q

Which academic discipline is primarily concerned with power and power relations? a) Sociology b) Psychology c) Political Science d) History

A

Answer: c) Political Science. Explanation: Political Science deals with power and power relations, focusing on how power is distributed and exercised in various political systems.

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5
Q

Johan Galtung’s concept of violence includes which of the following? a) Only direct violence b) Physical violence c) Both direct and structural violence d) Psychological violence only

A

Answer: c) Both direct and structural violence. Explanation: Johan Galtung introduced the idea that violence can be direct (physical) or structural (embedded in social systems), meaning that peace should not only prevent wars but also address systemic issues such as inequality.

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6
Q

Which Nigerian university’s PCS program grew into the Institute for Peace and Strategic Studies in 2015? a) University of Ibadan b) University of Jos c) University of Uyo d) University of Maiduguri

A

Answer: a) University of Ibadan. Explanation: The University of Ibadan’s PCS program, pioneered by Professor Isaac Olawale Albert, evolved into the Institute for Peace and Strategic Studies in 2015, expanding its academic and professional offerings.

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7
Q

What distinguishes Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) from traditional academic disciplines? a) Common assumptions b) Defined subject matter c) Focus on economics d) Methodological uniformity

A

Answer: b) Defined subject matter. Explanation: PCS is defined by its focus on the problem of human conflict and peaceful resolution, distinguishing it from traditional disciplines that may focus on specific methodologies or assumptions.

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8
Q

Which peace-related discipline focuses on providing health services in conflict zones? a) Peace Education b) Peace Health c) Peace Business d) Conflict Management

A

Answer: b) Peace Health. Explanation: Peace Health is a specialty area within Peace and Conflict Studies that focuses on providing health services in areas affected by conflict, ensuring that healthcare remains accessible despite ongoing conflicts.

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9
Q

What year did the University of Ibadan start its Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) programme? a) 2000 b) 1998 c) 2002 d) 1995

A

Answer: a) 2000. Explanation: The University of Ibadan pioneered its Peace and Conflict Studies programme in the year 2000 at the Institute of African Studies, making it the first of its kind in Nigeria.

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10
Q

Who was instrumental in pioneering the Peace and Conflict Studies programme at the University of Ibadan? a) Professor Bolaji Akinyemi b) Professor Wole Soyinka c) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert d) Professor Chinua Achebe

A

Answer: c) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert. Explanation: Professor Isaac Olawale Albert is recognized as the pioneer of the Peace and Conflict Studies programme at the University of Ibadan, helping establish it in the year 2000.

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11
Q

The Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution course (GST 222) introduced to Nigerian universities is targeted at which level of students? a) 100 level b) 200 level c) 300 level d) 400 level

A

Answer: b) 200 level. Explanation: The National Universities Commission (NUC) made Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution (GST 222) a compulsory two-unit course for 200-level students in Nigerian universities.

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12
Q

What was the name of the foundation that was replaced by the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution (IPCR) in Nigeria? a) The Mandela Foundation b) The Abacha Foundation c) The Nigerian Peace Initiative d) The African Peace Network

A

Answer: b) The Abacha Foundation. Explanation: The Abacha Foundation for Peace and National Unity was scrapped after Abacha’s death, and it was replaced by the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution under the presidency of General Abdusalami Abubakar.

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13
Q

Which university in Nigeria offers both undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Peace and Conflict Studies? a) University of Lagos b) University of Jos c) Ahmadu Bello University d) University of Maiduguri

A

Answer: b) University of Jos. Explanation: The Centre for Peace and Conflict Management at the University of Jos offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in Peace and Conflict Studies.

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14
Q

Which Nigerian university established the Centre for Peace, Diplomatic, and Development Studies at the undergraduate level? a) University of Maiduguri b) University of Lagos c) University of Ibadan d) University of Benin

A

Answer: a) University of Maiduguri. Explanation: The University of Maiduguri started its Peace and Conflict Studies programme through the Centre for Peace, Diplomatic, and Development Studies, which offers undergraduate studies.

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15
Q

The Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP) in Nigeria was pioneered by which individual? a) Professor Jega b) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert c) Professor Chinua Achebe d) Professor Wole Soyinka

A

Answer: b) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert. Explanation: Professor Isaac Olawale Albert played a crucial role in establishing the Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP) to connect peace scholars and practitioners.

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a specialization within Peace and Conflict Studies? a) Peace Support Operations b) Conflict Transformation c) Military Strategy d) Peace Journalism

A

Answer: c) Military Strategy. Explanation: While Peace and Conflict Studies encompasses various fields such as Peace Journalism and Conflict Transformation, Military Strategy is not considered part of PCS, as it focuses on nonviolent methods of resolving conflicts.

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17
Q

The term ‘Track Five Diplomacy’ in the context of PCS refers to: a) Government-led peace negotiations b) Non-governmental peace initiatives, particularly in education c) Military intervention in conflicts d) Private sector peacebuilding efforts

A

Answer: b) Non-governmental peace initiatives, particularly in education. Explanation: Track Five Diplomacy focuses on grassroots efforts and peace education led by NGOs and civil society, complementing government-led (Track One) diplomacy efforts.

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18
Q

What is a primary goal of Peace and Conflict Studies in educational institutions? a) To promote military solutions b) To build students’ capacities for nonviolent conflict resolution c) To teach international relations d) To create political leaders

A

Answer: b) To build students’ capacities for nonviolent conflict resolution. Explanation: PCS aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge to resolve conflicts nonviolently and contribute to a peaceful society.

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19
Q

Which private Nigerian university offers a programme in Peace and Conflict Studies? a) Covenant University b) Afe Babalola University c) Bowen University d) Babcock University

A

Answer: b) Afe Babalola University. Explanation: Afe Babalola University in Ekiti State is one of the private universities in Nigeria that offers programmes in Peace and Conflict Studies.

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20
Q

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field? a) It is solely focused on military strategies b) It is interdisciplinary, drawing from various academic disciplines c) It only focuses on conflicts in Africa d) It exclusively studies ancient conflicts

A

Answer: b) It is interdisciplinary, drawing from various academic disciplines. Explanation: Peace and Conflict Studies is interdisciplinary, integrating insights from political science, sociology, psychology, history, law, and more to understand and address conflicts.

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21
Q

What was a significant factor in the emergence of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field? a) The Cold War b) The American Civil War c) The Nigerian Civil War d) The Industrial Revolution

A

Answer: a) The Cold War. Explanation: The Cold War, with its emphasis on preventing nuclear conflict and global peace, played a significant role in the development of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field.

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22
Q

The ‘minimalist’ perspective in Peace and Conflict Studies focuses on: a) Addressing the root causes of structural violence b) Achieving ‘negative peace,’ or the absence of direct violence c) Promoting comprehensive social reforms d) Integrating peace with environmental sustainability

A

Answer: b) Achieving ‘negative peace,’ or the absence of direct violence. Explanation: The minimalist perspective, associated with North American scholars, focuses on preventing direct violence (such as war) without necessarily addressing underlying social or structural issues.

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23
Q

Which scholar is associated with the maximalist perspective in Peace and Conflict Studies? a) Kenneth Boulding b) Isaac Newton c) Johan Galtung d) Thomas Hobbes

A

Answer: c) Johan Galtung. Explanation: Johan Galtung, a prominent peace scholar, is associated with the maximalist perspective, which emphasizes addressing structural violence and achieving ‘positive peace.’

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24
Q

According to the maximalist perspective, which of the following issues must be addressed to achieve lasting peace? a) Only direct violence b) Social injustice and inequality c) Increased military spending d) None of the above

A

Answer: b) Social injustice and inequality. Explanation: The maximalist perspective argues that lasting peace (positive peace) can only be achieved by addressing broader social issues like inequality, human rights, and systemic injustice.

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25
Q

“What is the connection between International Relations and Peace

A
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26
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

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27
Q
  1. What organization played a key role in promoting peace concepts from diverse cultures around the world? a) United Nations University for Peace b) African Union c) European Union d) World Health Organization
A

Answer: a) United Nations University for Peace Explanation: The United Nations University for Peace has incorporated peace concepts from various global cultures, such as the African concept of Ubuntu and the Indian concept of Satyagraha, promoting a multi-cultural outlook on peace.

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28
Q
  1. The inclusion of basic skills in conflict resolution for Nigerian university undergraduates is intended to: a) Teach military tactics b) Promote violent resistance c) Equip students to handle conflict non-violently d) Teach international relations
A

Answer: c) Equip students to handle conflict non-violently Explanation: The goal of teaching Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution (GST 222) to undergraduates is to equip students with nonviolent methods of handling conflicts in personal and societal contexts.

How well did you know this?
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29
Q
  1. Which academic discipline is primarily concerned with power and power relations? a) Sociology b) Psychology c) Political Science d) History
A

Answer: c) Political Science Explanation: Political Science deals with power and power relations, focusing on how power is distributed and exercised in various political systems.

How well did you know this?
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30
Q
  1. Johan Galtung’s concept of violence includes which of the following? a) Only direct violence b) Physical violence c) Both direct and structural violence d) Psychological violence only
A

Answer: c) Both direct and structural violence Explanation: Johan Galtung introduced the idea that violence can be direct (physical) or structural (embedded in social systems), meaning that peace should not only prevent wars but also address systemic issues such as inequality.

How well did you know this?
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31
Q
  1. Which Nigerian university’s PCS program grew into the Institute for Peace and Strategic Studies in 2015? a) University of Ibadan b) University of Jos c) University of Uyo d) University of Maiduguri
A

Answer: a) University of Ibadan Explanation: The University of Ibadan’s PCS program, pioneered by Professor Isaac Olawale Albert, evolved into the Institute for Peace and Strategic Studies in 2015, expanding its academic and professional offerings.

How well did you know this?
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32
Q
  1. What distinguishes Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) from traditional academic disciplines? a) Common assumptions b) Defined subject matter c) Focus on economics d) Methodological uniformity
A

Answer: b) Defined subject matter Explanation: PCS is defined by its focus on the problem of human conflict and peaceful resolution, distinguishing it from traditional disciplines that may focus on specific methodologies or assumptions.

How well did you know this?
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33
Q
  1. Which peace-related discipline focuses on providing health services in conflict zones? a) Peace Education b) Peace Health c) Peace Business d) Conflict Management
A

Answer: b) Peace Health Explanation: Peace Health is a specialty area within Peace and Conflict Studies that focuses on providing health services in areas affected by conflict, ensuring that healthcare remains accessible despite ongoing conflicts.

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34
Q
  1. What year did the University of Ibadan start its Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) programme? a) 2000 b) 1998 c) 2002 d) 1995
A

Answer: a) 2000 Explanation: The University of Ibadan pioneered its Peace and Conflict Studies programme in the year 2000 at the Institute of African Studies, making it the first of its kind in Nigeria.

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35
Q
  1. Who was instrumental in pioneering the Peace and Conflict Studies programme at the University of Ibadan? a) Professor Bolaji Akinyemi b) Professor Wole Soyinka c) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert d) Professor Chinua Achebe
A

Answer: c) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert Explanation: Professor Isaac Olawale Albert is recognized as the pioneer of the Peace and Conflict Studies programme at the University of Ibadan, helping establish it in the year 2000.

How well did you know this?
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36
Q
  1. The Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution course (GST 222) introduced to Nigerian universities is targeted at which level of students? a) 100 level b) 200 level c) 300 level d) 400 level
A

Answer: b) 200 level Explanation: The National Universities Commission (NUC) made Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution (GST 222) a compulsory two-unit course for 200-level students in Nigerian universities.

How well did you know this?
1
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37
Q
  1. What was the name of the foundation that was replaced by the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution (IPCR) in Nigeria? a) The Mandela Foundation b) The Abacha Foundation c) The Nigerian Peace Initiative d) The African Peace Network
A

Answer: b) The Abacha Foundation Explanation: The Abacha Foundation for Peace and National Unity was scrapped after Abacha’s death, and it was replaced by the Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution under the presidency of General Abdusalami Abubakar.

How well did you know this?
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38
Q
  1. Which university in Nigeria offers both undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Peace and Conflict Studies? a) University of Lagos b) University of Jos c) Ahmadu Bello University d) University of Maiduguri
A

Answer: b) University of Jos Explanation: The Centre for Peace and Conflict Management at the University of Jos offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in Peace and Conflict Studies.

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39
Q
  1. Which Nigerian university established the Centre for Peace, Diplomatic, and Development Studies at the undergraduate level? a) University of Maiduguri b) University of Lagos c) University of Ibadan d) University of Benin
A

Answer: a) University of Maiduguri Explanation: The University of Maiduguri started its Peace and Conflict Studies programme through the Centre for Peace, Diplomatic, and Development Studies, which offers undergraduate studies.

How well did you know this?
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40
Q
  1. The Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP) in Nigeria was pioneered by which individual? a) Professor Jega b) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert c) Professor Chinua Achebe d) Professor Wole Soyinka
A

Answer: b) Professor Isaac Olawale Albert Explanation: Professor Isaac Olawale Albert played a crucial role in establishing the Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP) to connect peace scholars and practitioners.

How well did you know this?
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41
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a specialization within Peace and Conflict Studies? a) Peace Support Operations b) Conflict Transformation c) Military Strategy d) Peace Journalism
A

Answer: c) Military Strategy Explanation: While Peace and Conflict Studies encompasses various fields such as Peace Journalism and Conflict Transformation, Military Strategy is not considered part of PCS, as it focuses on nonviolent methods of resolving conflicts.

42
Q
  1. The term ‘Track Five Diplomacy’ in the context of PCS refers to: a) Government-led peace negotiations b) Non-governmental peace initiatives, particularly in education c) Military intervention in conflicts d) Private sector peacebuilding efforts
A

Answer: b) Non-governmental peace initiatives, particularly in education Explanation: Track Five Diplomacy focuses on grassroots efforts and peace education led by NGOs and civil society, complementing government-led (Track One) diplomacy efforts.

43
Q
  1. What is a primary goal of Peace and Conflict Studies in educational institutions? a) To promote military solutions b) To build students’ capacities for nonviolent conflict resolution c) To teach international relations d) To create political leaders
A

Answer: b) To build students’ capacities for nonviolent conflict resolution Explanation: PCS aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge to resolve conflicts nonviolently and contribute to a peaceful society.

44
Q
  1. Which private Nigerian university offers a programme in Peace and Conflict Studies? a) Covenant University b) Afe Babalola University c) Bowen University d) Babcock University
A

Answer: b) Afe Babalola University Explanation: Afe Babalola University in Ekiti State is one of the private universities in Nigeria that offers programmes in Peace and Conflict Studies.

45
Q
  1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field? a) It is solely focused on military strategies b) It is interdisciplinary, drawing from various academic disciplines c) It only focuses on conflicts in Africa d) It exclusively studies ancient conflicts
A

Answer: b) It is interdisciplinary, drawing from various academic disciplines Explanation: Peace and Conflict Studies is interdisciplinary, integrating insights from political science, sociology, psychology, history, law, and more to understand and address conflicts.

46
Q
  1. What was a significant factor in the emergence of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field? a) The Cold War b) The American Civil War c) The Nigerian Civil War d) The Industrial Revolution
A

Answer: a) The Cold War Explanation: The Cold War, with its emphasis on preventing nuclear conflict and global peace, played a significant role in the development of Peace and Conflict Studies as an academic field.

47
Q
  1. The ‘minimalist’ perspective in Peace and Conflict Studies focuses on: a) Addressing the root causes of structural violence b) Achieving ‘negative peace,’ or the absence of direct violence c) Promoting comprehensive social reforms d) Integrating peace with environmental sustainability
A

Answer: b) Achieving ‘negative peace,’ or the absence of direct violence Explanation: The minimalist perspective, associated with North American scholars, focuses on preventing direct violence (such as war) without necessarily addressing underlying social or structural issues.

48
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

49
Q
  1. Which event marked the beginning of the Cold War era? A. The end of World War I B. The Cuban Missile Crisis C. The deployment of atomic bombs D. The end of World War II
A

Answer: D. The end of World War II. Explanation: The Cold War began after World War II, with tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union. The nuclear arms race and ideological differences between communism and capitalism marked this period.

50
Q
  1. What global event heightened the fear of a nuclear war during the Cold War? A. Vietnam War B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Indo-China War D. Algerian Insurgency
A

Answer: B. Cuban Missile Crisis. Explanation: The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was one of the most intense moments of the Cold War when the Soviet Union attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba, close to the USA, leading to fears of nuclear conflict.

51
Q
  1. According to the text, which plans failed to contain the possibility of nuclear war during the Cold War? A. Truman and Marshall plans B. Gromyko and Baruch plans C. Monroe and Wilson plans D. Nixon and Brezhnev plans
A

Answer: B. Gromyko and Baruch plans. Explanation: The Baruch and Gromyko plans were early attempts to control nuclear weapons but failed to prevent the escalation of the arms race during the Cold War.

52
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of conflicts in the colonies during the Cold War? A. Agitations for independence B. The global arms race C. Native insurgencies D. De-colonization wars
A

Answer: B. The global arms race. Explanation: The text specifically mentions agitations for independence, insurgencies, and de-colonization wars in the colonies as causes of conflicts, but the global arms race is tied to tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union, not colonial conflicts.

53
Q
  1. What role did poverty and socio-economic disparity play in the context of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS)? A. They led to environmental pollution B. They were seen as causes of violence C. They helped develop international relations D. They resolved colonial conflicts
A

Answer: B. They were seen as causes of violence. Explanation: The text points out that increasing poverty and socio-economic disparities, particularly between northern and southern economies, were factors that contributed to violence and conflict, which PCS seeks to address.

54
Q
  1. Which scholar argued that true peace is not merely the absence of tension but the presence of justice? A. Francis B. King C. Einstein D. Galtung
A

Answer: B. King. Explanation: Martin Luther King, Jr. stated that ‘true peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice,’ emphasizing that peace requires active justice, not just the absence of conflict.

55
Q
  1. According to Johan Galtung, what is the difference between negative and positive peace? A. Negative peace involves absence of structural violence, positive peace involves absence of direct violence B. Negative peace involves absence of direct violence, positive peace involves absence of structural and cultural violence C. Negative peace is peace within nations, positive peace is global peace D. Negative peace refers to peace during war, positive peace refers to post-war peace
A

Answer: B. Negative peace involves absence of direct violence, positive peace involves absence of structural and cultural violence. Explanation: Johan Galtung, a key figure in Peace and Conflict Studies, defines ‘negative peace’ as the absence of direct violence and ‘positive peace’ as the absence of structural and cultural violence, signifying deeper societal harmony.

56
Q
  1. How does the text describe ‘peace’ according to the University for Peace (2005)? A. A spiritual state of well-being B. A social situation ensuring justice and stability C. A process of constant development D. An emotional state of tranquility
A

Answer: B. A social situation ensuring justice and stability. Explanation: According to the University for Peace (2005), peace is described as a political condition that ensures justice and social stability, which are achieved through formal and informal institutions.

57
Q
  1. What was Ibeanu’s critique of the concept of peace as proposed by the University for Peace? A. Peace is only a state of mind B. Peace should be a continuous process C. Peace is too subjective D. Peace is a political tool
A

Answer: B. Peace should be a continuous process. Explanation: Ibeanu disagrees with static definitions of peace, arguing instead that peace is a continuous process involving activities that directly or indirectly contribute to development and conflict resolution.

58
Q
  1. Which scholar is credited with classifying peace into categories such as ‘inner peace,’ ‘family peace,’ and ‘national peace’? A. Galtung B. Nwolise C. Ibeanu D. Trostie
A

Answer: B. Nwolise. Explanation: Nwolise categorizes peace into various levels such as inner peace, family peace, community peace, and national peace, emphasizing that peace operates on multiple levels of society and individual experience.

59
Q
  1. What was one of the outcomes of the Vietnam War in relation to Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS)? A. It justified violence in pursuit of justice B. It discouraged the study of violence C. It ended the Cold War D. It sparked debate on whether violence could ever be justified
A

Answer: D. It sparked debate on whether violence could ever be justified. Explanation: The Vietnam War led to discussions within the field of Peace and Conflict Studies about whether violence could be justified in the pursuit of justice, highlighting the ethical dilemmas in conflict resolution.

60
Q
  1. Which concept of peace involves respect and tolerance between people? A. Peace as the absence of war B. Peace as justice and development C. Peace as Gaia D. Peace as respect and tolerance between people
A

Answer: D. Peace as respect and tolerance between people. Explanation: One of the six concepts of peace, as discussed in the text, involves fostering respect and tolerance between people as a fundamental element of peace.

61
Q
  1. What does ‘peace as Gaia’ refer to? A. Peace within political institutions B. Harmony or balance in the ecosystem C. Inner spiritual peace D. Economic equality
A

Answer: B. Harmony or balance in the ecosystem. Explanation: ‘Peace as Gaia’ refers to peace as harmony or balance within and with the ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability in the context of peace.

62
Q
  1. According to Galtung, what are the three types of violence? A. Direct, cultural, and structural violence B. Direct, political, and physical violence C. Indirect, economic, and ideological violence D. Physical, emotional, and spiritual violence
A

Answer: A. Direct, cultural, and structural violence. Explanation: Galtung identifies three types of violence: direct violence (physical harm), structural violence (systemic inequality), and cultural violence (justifications for violence).

63
Q
  1. Who is considered the ‘father’ of Peace and Conflict Studies? A. Albert Einstein B. Johan Galtung C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. Ibeanu
A

Answer: B. Johan Galtung. Explanation: Johan Galtung is widely regarded as the ‘father’ of Peace and Conflict Studies due to his significant contributions to the development of the field, including the concepts of positive and negative peace.

64
Q
  1. What role did the North-South socio-economic disparity play in the development of PCS? A. It was ignored by PCS scholars B. It contributed to environmental degradation C. It was identified as a factor in global violence D. It helped improve trade relations
A

Answer: C. It was identified as a factor in global violence. Explanation: The disparity between the wealth of northern economies and the poverty of southern economies was recognized as a significant cause of violence, leading to its inclusion in PCS studies.

65
Q
  1. What does the term ‘negative peace’ refer to in PCS? A. The presence of structural and cultural violence B. The absence of war and direct violence C. The absence of all forms of conflict D. The presence of justice and equality
A

Answer: B. The absence of war and direct violence. Explanation: In PCS, ‘negative peace’ refers to the absence of direct violence, such as war, but it does not necessarily imply the presence of social justice or the absence of structural violence.

66
Q
  1. What is the maximalist understanding of peace according to the text? A. Peace is merely the absence of war B. Peace involves the presence of justice, development, and absence of structural violence C. Peace is a political tool for control D. Peace is a temporary state of non-violence
A

Answer: B. Peace involves the presence of justice, development, and absence of structural violence. Explanation: The maximalist view of peace includes not only the absence of war (negative peace) but also the presence of social justice, development, and the elimination of structural violence (positive peace).

67
Q
  1. How does the concept of ‘positive peace’ differ from ‘negative peace’? A. Positive peace includes the elimination of cultural violence B. Negative peace is a long-term solution, while positive peace is short-term C. Positive peace only applies to individual relationships D. Negative peace is about war, positive peace is about economic development
A

Answer: A. Positive peace includes the elimination of cultural violence. Explanation: Positive peace refers to a state where not only direct violence is absent but also structural and cultural violence, creating a just and equitable society.

68
Q
  1. Which scholar is associated with the idea that peace is a process? A. Galtung B. Ibeanu C. Nwolise D. Einstein
A

Answer: B. Ibeanu. Explanation: Ibeanu argues that peace is not a static condition but a continuous process that involves development and conflict reduction within society.

69
Q

“21. According to Nwolise, what is a potential problem with defining peace solely as a process

A
70
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

71
Q
  1. Which event marked the beginning of the Cold War era? A. The end of World War I B. The Cuban Missile Crisis C. The deployment of atomic bombs D. The end of World War II
A

Answer: D. The end of World War II. Explanation: The Cold War began after World War II, with tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union. The nuclear arms race and ideological differences between communism and capitalism marked this period.

72
Q
  1. What global event heightened the fear of a nuclear war during the Cold War? A. Vietnam War B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Indo-China War D. Algerian Insurgency
A

Answer: B. Cuban Missile Crisis. Explanation: The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was one of the most intense moments of the Cold War when the Soviet Union attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba, close to the USA, leading to fears of nuclear conflict.

73
Q
  1. According to the text, which plans failed to contain the possibility of nuclear war during the Cold War? A. Truman and Marshall plans B. Gromyko and Baruch plans C. Monroe and Wilson plans D. Nixon and Brezhnev plans
A

Answer: B. Gromyko and Baruch plans. Explanation: The Baruch and Gromyko plans were early attempts to control nuclear weapons but failed to prevent the escalation of the arms race during the Cold War.

74
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of conflicts in the colonies during the Cold War? A. Agitations for independence B. The global arms race C. Native insurgencies D. De-colonization wars
A

Answer: B. The global arms race. Explanation: The text specifically mentions agitations for independence, insurgencies, and de-colonization wars in the colonies as causes of conflicts, but the global arms race is tied to tensions between the USA and the Soviet Union, not colonial conflicts.

75
Q
  1. What role did poverty and socio-economic disparity play in the context of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS)? A. They led to environmental pollution B. They were seen as causes of violence C. They helped develop international relations D. They resolved colonial conflicts
A

Answer: B. They were seen as causes of violence. Explanation: The text points out that increasing poverty and socio-economic disparities, particularly between northern and southern economies, were factors that contributed to violence and conflict, which PCS seeks to address.

76
Q
  1. Which scholar argued that true peace is not merely the absence of tension but the presence of justice? A. Francis B. King C. Einstein D. Galtung
A

Answer: B. King. Explanation: Martin Luther King, Jr. stated that ‘true peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice,’ emphasizing that peace requires active justice, not just the absence of conflict.

77
Q
  1. According to Johan Galtung, what is the difference between negative and positive peace? A. Negative peace involves absence of structural violence, positive peace involves absence of direct violence B. Negative peace involves absence of direct violence, positive peace involves absence of structural and cultural violence C. Negative peace is peace within nations, positive peace is global peace D. Negative peace refers to peace during war, positive peace refers to post-war peace
A

Answer: B. Negative peace involves absence of direct violence, positive peace involves absence of structural and cultural violence. Explanation: Johan Galtung, a key figure in Peace and Conflict Studies, defines ‘negative peace’ as the absence of direct violence and ‘positive peace’ as the absence of structural and cultural violence, signifying deeper societal harmony.

78
Q
  1. How does the text describe ‘peace’ according to the University for Peace (2005)? A. A spiritual state of well-being B. A social situation ensuring justice and stability C. A process of constant development D. An emotional state of tranquility
A

Answer: B. A social situation ensuring justice and stability. Explanation: According to the University for Peace (2005), peace is described as a political condition that ensures justice and social stability, which are achieved through formal and informal institutions.

79
Q
  1. What was Ibeanu’s critique of the concept of peace as proposed by the University for Peace? A. Peace is only a state of mind B. Peace should be a continuous process C. Peace is too subjective D. Peace is a political tool
A

Answer: B. Peace should be a continuous process. Explanation: Ibeanu disagrees with static definitions of peace, arguing instead that peace is a continuous process involving activities that directly or indirectly contribute to development and conflict resolution.

80
Q
  1. Which scholar is credited with classifying peace into categories such as ‘inner peace,’ ‘family peace,’ and ‘national peace’? A. Galtung B. Nwolise C. Ibeanu D. Trostie
A

Answer: B. Nwolise. Explanation: Nwolise categorizes peace into various levels such as inner peace, family peace, community peace, and national peace, emphasizing that peace operates on multiple levels of society and individual experience.

81
Q
  1. What was one of the outcomes of the Vietnam War in relation to Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS)? A. It justified violence in pursuit of justice B. It discouraged the study of violence C. It ended the Cold War D. It sparked debate on whether violence could ever be justified
A

Answer: D. It sparked debate on whether violence could ever be justified. Explanation: The Vietnam War led to discussions within the field of Peace and Conflict Studies about whether violence could be justified in the pursuit of justice, highlighting the ethical dilemmas in conflict resolution.

82
Q
  1. Which concept of peace involves respect and tolerance between people? A. Peace as the absence of war B. Peace as justice and development C. Peace as Gaia D. Peace as respect and tolerance between people
A

Answer: D. Peace as respect and tolerance between people. Explanation: One of the six concepts of peace, as discussed in the text, involves fostering respect and tolerance between people as a fundamental element of peace.

83
Q
  1. What does ‘peace as Gaia’ refer to? A. Peace within political institutions B. Harmony or balance in the ecosystem C. Inner spiritual peace D. Economic equality
A

Answer: B. Harmony or balance in the ecosystem. Explanation: ‘Peace as Gaia’ refers to peace as harmony or balance within and with the ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability in the context of peace.

84
Q
  1. According to Galtung, what are the three types of violence? A. Direct, cultural, and structural violence B. Direct, political, and physical violence C. Indirect, economic, and ideological violence D. Physical, emotional, and spiritual violence
A

Answer: A. Direct, cultural, and structural violence. Explanation: Galtung identifies three types of violence: direct violence (physical harm), structural violence (systemic inequality), and cultural violence (justifications for violence).

85
Q
  1. Who is considered the ‘father’ of Peace and Conflict Studies? A. Albert Einstein B. Johan Galtung C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. Ibeanu
A

Answer: B. Johan Galtung. Explanation: Johan Galtung is widely regarded as the ‘father’ of Peace and Conflict Studies due to his significant contributions to the development of the field, including the concepts of positive and negative peace.

86
Q
  1. What role did the North-South socio-economic disparity play in the development of PCS? A. It was ignored by PCS scholars B. It contributed to environmental degradation C. It was identified as a factor in global violence D. It helped improve trade relations
A

Answer: C. It was identified as a factor in global violence. Explanation: The disparity between the wealth of northern economies and the poverty of southern economies was recognized as a significant cause of violence, leading to its inclusion in PCS studies.

87
Q
  1. What does the term ‘negative peace’ refer to in PCS? A. The presence of structural and cultural violence B. The absence of war and direct violence C. The absence of all forms of conflict D. The presence of justice and equality
A

Answer: B. The absence of war and direct violence. Explanation: In PCS, ‘negative peace’ refers to the absence of direct violence, such as war, but it does not necessarily imply the presence of social justice or the absence of structural violence.

88
Q
  1. What is the maximalist understanding of peace according to the text? A. Peace is merely the absence of war B. Peace involves the presence of justice, development, and absence of structural violence C. Peace is a political tool for control D. Peace is a temporary state of non-violence
A

Answer: B. Peace involves the presence of justice, development, and absence of structural violence. Explanation: The maximalist view of peace includes not only the absence of war (negative peace) but also the presence of social justice, development, and the elimination of structural violence (positive peace).

89
Q
  1. How does the concept of ‘positive peace’ differ from ‘negative peace’? A. Positive peace includes the elimination of cultural violence B. Negative peace is a long-term solution, while positive peace is short-term C. Positive peace only applies to individual relationships D. Negative peace is about war, positive peace is about economic development
A

Answer: A. Positive peace includes the elimination of cultural violence. Explanation: Positive peace refers to a state where not only direct violence is absent but also structural and cultural violence, creating a just and equitable society.

90
Q
  1. Which scholar is associated with the idea that peace is a process? A. Galtung B. Ibeanu C. Nwolise D. Einstein
A

Answer: B. Ibeanu. Explanation: Ibeanu argues that peace is not a static condition but a continuous process that involves development and conflict reduction within society.

91
Q

“21. According to Nwolise, what is a potential problem with defining peace solely as a process

A
92
Q

Question and Options, Answer, Explanation

A
93
Q

What does the term ‘armed peace’ refer to?\nA. Peace maintained through military presence\nB. Peace achieved by negotiation\nC. Peace that ignores structural violence\nD. Peace based on economic stability

A

A. Peace maintained through military presence

94
Q

In what way does the Vietnam War contribute to the discourse on peace?\nA. It demonstrated the effectiveness of violence for achieving peace\nB. It highlighted the futility of military intervention\nC. It was primarily a humanitarian effort\nD. It ended all discussions about violence

A

B. It highlighted the futility of military intervention

95
Q

What is the role of the United Nations University for Peace (UPEACE) in the context of PCS?\nA. To enforce peace treaties\nB. To provide academic frameworks and concepts in peace studies\nC. To support military interventions\nD. To promote economic development

A

B. To provide academic frameworks and concepts in peace studies

96
Q

What does the concept of ‘cruel peace’ imply?\nA. A peaceful state achieved through oppression\nB. A state where peace is enforced through dialogue\nC. A temporary ceasefire in a conflict\nD. A peaceful coexistence of rival nations

A

A. A peaceful state achieved through oppression

97
Q

Which of the following best encapsulates ‘peace as Gaia’?\nA. Balance between technological advancement and nature\nB. Spiritual enlightenment\nC. Harmony with the environment and ecosystem\nD. Political agreements on environmental policies

A

C. Harmony with the environment and ecosystem

98
Q

What critique does Nwolise offer regarding Ibeanu’s definition of peace?\nA. It is too simplistic\nB. It overlooks historical contexts\nC. It does not provide measures against dictatorship\nD. It is overly optimistic

A

C. It does not provide measures against dictatorship

99
Q

According to the text, which aspect of peace studies is evolving rapidly?\nA. The inclusion of historical analysis\nB. The application of traditional military strategies\nC. The understanding of peace as a distinct discipline\nD. The rejection of interdisciplinary approaches

A

C. The understanding of peace as a distinct discipline

100
Q

What does the term ‘stable peace’ imply in the context of conflict studies?\nA. A peace that is temporary and fragile\nB. A peace that is characterized by ongoing tensions\nC. A long-lasting state of peace with minimal conflict\nD. A peace based solely on military power

A

C. A long-lasting state of peace with minimal conflict

101
Q

Which of the following terms is NOT commonly associated with peace studies?\nA. Social justice\nB. Cultural violence\nC. Economic hegemony\nD. Conflict resolution

A

C. Economic hegemony

GSP 202 (13 decks)

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