Chpt 10 International Organization And Conflict Organization In Nigeria Flashcards
1
Q
QUESTION
A
OPTION 1
2
Q
- (What does ECOWAS stand for? a) East African Community of West African States b) Economic Community of West African States c) Economic Cooperation of West African States d) Eastern Coalition of West African States)
A
Answer: b) Economic Community of West African States
3
Q
- (What does SADC stand for? a) Southern African Development Corporation b) Southern African Development Cooperation c) Southern African Development Community d) Southern Alliance for Development and Cooperation)
A
Answer: c) Southern African Development Community
4
Q
- (What does IGAD stand for? a) Intergovernmental Authority on Development b) International Group for African Development c) Integrated Group for African Development d) Intergovernmental Alliance for Development)
A
Answer: a) Intergovernmental Authority on Development
5
Q
- (What does ECCAS stand for? a) Economic Community of Central African States b) Eastern Coalition of Central African States c) Economic Cooperation of Central African States d) Economic Commission for Central African States)
A
Answer: a) Economic Community of Central African States
6
Q
- (What does AMU stand for? a) African Monetary Union b) Arab Maghreb Union c) Arab Monetary Union d) African Maghreb Union)
A
Answer: b) Arab Maghreb Union
7
Q
- (What does CEWARN stand for? a) Conflict Early Warning and Response Network b) Central Early Warning and Response Network c) Crisis Early Warning and Rapid Notification d) Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism)
A
Answer: d) Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism
8
Q
- (What does OPDS stand for under SADC? a) Organ for Peace, Defense, and Security b) Organ on Politics, Defense, and Security c) Office for Peace, Defense, and Security d) Organization for Politics, Defense, and Security)
A
Answer: b) Organ on Politics, Defense, and Security
9
Q
- (What does FOMAC stand for? a) Force of Multinational African Communities b) Force of Multinational African Coalition c) Central African Multinational Force d) Force of Central African Multinational Communities)
A
Answer: c) Central African Multinational Force
10
Q
- (What does ECOMOG stand for? a) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group b) Economic Community of Monitoring Group c) ECOWAS Conflict Management Group d) Economic Community of West African Governments)
A
Answer: a) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group
11
Q
- (What does NGO stand for? a) Non-Governmental Organization b) National Governmental Organization c) Non-Government Office d) Neutral Government Organization)
A
Answer: a) Non-Governmental Organization
12
Q
- (What does the acronym RECs refer to? a) Regional Economic Corporations b) Regional Economic Communities c) Regional Environmental Communities d) Regional Energy Corporations)
A
Answer: b) Regional Economic Communities
13
Q
- (What does the abbreviation ISDSC under SADC stand for? a) International Security and Defense Steering Committee b) Inter-State Defense and Security Cooperation c) International Security and Defense Cooperation d) Inter-State Development and Security Committee)
A
Answer: b) Inter-State Defense and Security Cooperation
14
Q
- (What does AU stand for? a) African Unity b) African Union c) African Organization d) African Nations Union)
A
Answer: b) African Union
15
Q
- (What does the acronym OAU represent? a) Organization for African Union b) Organization of African Unity c) Office of African Unity d) Organization for African Unification)
A
Answer: b) Organization of African Unity
16
Q
- (What does AMISOM stand for? a) African Mission in Somalia b) African Military in Somalia c) African Mission in Support of Somalia d) African Mission for Security in Somalia)
A
Answer: a) African Mission in Somalia
17
Q
- (What does the acronym UNSC stand for? a) United Nations Security Council b) United Nations Safety Council c) United Nations Surveillance Council d) United Nations Sovereignty Council)
A
Answer: a) United Nations Security Council
18
Q
- (What does UNHCR stand for? a) United Nations High Commission for Refugees b) United Nations High Court for Refugees c) United Nations Humanitarian Council for Refugees d) United Nations High Commission for Relief)
A
Answer: a) United Nations High Commission for Refugees
19
Q
- (What does the abbreviation PSC under the AU stand for? a) Peace and Security Council b) Political and Security Council c) Policy and Security Council d) Peace and Stability Committee)
A
Answer: a) Peace and Security Council
20
Q
- (What does ICRC stand for? a) International Community for Red Cross b) International Committee of the Red Cross c) International Commission for Red Cross d) International Council of the Red Cross)
A
Answer: b) International Committee of the Red Cross
21
Q
- (What does the abbreviation UNDP stand for? a) United Nations Development Program b) United Nations Disaster Program c) United Nations Development Partnership d) United Nations Defense Program)
A
Answer: a) United Nations Development Program
22
Q
- (What does the acronym AU-NEPAD stand for? a) African Union - New Partnership for Economic Development b) African Union - New Partnership for African Development c) African Union - Network for Partnership and Development d) African Union - New Economic Partnership for African Development)
A
Answer: b) African Union - New Partnership for African Development
23
Q
- (What does IGOs stand for? a) International Governance Organizations b) Intergovernmental Organizations c) Integrated Governance Organizations d) Intergovernmental Observers)
A
Answer: b) Intergovernmental Organizations
24
Q
- (What does ECOSOC under the UN stand for? a) Economic and Social Council b) Economic and Sovereign Council c) Economic and Social Cooperation d) Economic and Sovereign Cooperation)
A
Answer: a) Economic and Social Council
25
Q
- (What does the acronym CSOs refer to? a) Civil Service Organizations b) Civil Society Organizations c) Community Service Organizations d) Community Society Organizations)
A
Answer: b) Civil Society Organizations
26
Q
- (What does the abbreviation WTO stand for? a) World Trade Organization b) World Transport Organization c) World Treaty Organization d) World Training Organization)
A
Answer: a) World Trade Organization
27
Q
- (What was the primary reason for forming many international organizations after World War II? a. To promote cultural exchange b. To address global peace and security concerns c. To enhance international trade agreements d. To foster environmental sustainability)
A
Answer: b
28
Q
- (What distinguishes international governmental organizations from international non-governmental organizations? a. Their headquarters location b. Their membership composition c. Their funding sources d. Their economic impact)
A
Answer: b
29
Q
- (Which document outlines the aims, principles, and procedures of an international organization? a. Constitution b. Treaty c. Charter d. Memorandum)
A
Answer: c
30
Q
- (What was a key factor in the failure of the League of Nations? a. Lack of membership from major powers b. Inefficiency in decision-making processes c. Inability to prevent World War II d. Overemphasis on economic policies)
A
Answer: c
31
Q
- (The African Union (AU) is an example of a: a. Multinational corporation b. Regional international organization c. Non-governmental organization d. Universal membership organization)
A
Answer: b
32
Q
- (Which organization officially replaced the League of Nations in 1945? a. African Union b. United Nations c. European Union d. World Trade Organization)
A
Answer: b
33
Q
- (What is a primary characteristic of multinational corporations? a. They are owned by a single government. b. Their operations span multiple countries. c. They are non-profit organizations. d. Their members include sovereign states.)
A
Answer: b
34
Q
- (What is the primary purpose of international organizations according to Abbot and Snidal (1998)? a. To regulate trade disputes b. To centralize collective activities and support state interactions c. To establish new international laws d. To control economic markets)
A
Answer: b
35
Q
- (Which of the following is an example of an international non-governmental organization? a. United Nations b. FIFA c. ECOWAS d. African Union)
A
Answer: b
36
Q
- (What type of international organization focuses on non-profit goals? a. Multinational enterprises b. Intergovernmental organizations c. Non-governmental organizations d. Transnational corporations)
A
Answer: c
37
Q
- (Which of the following is a goal of international organizations in conflict management? a. Imposing military solutions b. Fostering acceptable standards and trust among nations c. Promoting economic dominance d. Limiting multilateral agreements)
A
Answer: b
38
Q
- (The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) operates at which level? a. Sub-regional b. Global c. National d. Continental)
A
Answer: a
39
Q
- (What unique power does the United Nations Security Council possess? a. Ability to create treaties b. Authority to impose vetoes c. Power to dissolve member states d. Right to amend national constitutions)
A
Answer: b
40
Q
- (Which is a fundamental operating principle of international organizations? a. Centralized governance by a single state b. Voluntary membership of non-sovereign states c. Governance based on international laws and charters d. Equal distribution of financial resources)
A
Answer: c
41
Q
- (Which of the following is NOT an example of an international governmental organization? a. Arab Maghreb Union b. Shell Corporation c. European Union d. Organization of American States)
A
Answer: b
42
Q
- (What feature characterizes formal organizations, according to Katz and Kahn? a. Spontaneous formation b. Absence of hierarchy c. Defined goals and division of labor d. Unstructured memberships)
A
Answer: c
43
Q
- (Which term refers to a set of rules that guide cooperation and competition among states? a. Constitution b. Institution c. Norms d. Treaties)
A
Answer: b
44
Q
- (What does the eclectic approach in international relations emphasize? a. Use of military force b. Combination of complementary perspectives c. Exclusivity of national interests d. Emphasis on economic gains)
A
Answer: b
45
Q
- (International organizations primarily help to: a. Resolve conflicts using force b. Establish unilateral dominance c. Coordinate goal-directed activities among nations d. Limit sovereignty of smaller states)
A
Answer: c
46
Q
- (What does the term “multilateralism” refer to in international relations? a. Bilateral agreements between two countries b. Cooperative efforts among multiple states c. Domination of smaller states by larger ones d. Isolationist policies of states)
A
Answer: b
47
Q
- (What type of organization is the Red Cross classified as? a. Intergovernmental organization b. Non-governmental organization c. Multinational enterprise d. Regional organization)
A
Answer: b
48
Q
- (The primary goal of the United Nations includes: a. Promoting international security and peace b. Enhancing trade relations among member states c. Establishing global economic policies d. Supporting regional organizations)
A
Answer: a
49
Q
- (Which factor is crucial for the effectiveness of international organizations? a. Location of headquarters b. Sovereignty of individual members c. Resourcefulness and willingness of member nations d. Strict enforcement of national laws)
A
Answer: c
50
Q
- (Which international organization plays a major role in health issues? a. ECOWAS b. FIFA c. WHO (World Health Organization) d. SADC)
A
Answer: c
51
Q
- (International organizations encourage conflict resolution through: a. Dialogue and negotiation b. Imposition of unilateral decisions c. Economic sanctions alone d. Exclusive military actions)
A
Answer: a
52
Q
- What is the primary purpose of the United Nations as outlined in its Charter? (a. To promote economic development globally, b. To maintain international peace and security, c. To regulate trade among nations, d. To oversee cultural exchanges)
A
Answer: b
53
Q
- Which UN organ is responsible for admitting new members into the organization? (a. The Secretariat, b. The Security Council, c. The General Assembly, d. The Economic and Social Council)
A
Answer: c
54
Q
- Article 2(7) of the UN Charter guarantees what principle? (a. The right to impose sanctions, b. The independence and sovereignty of member states, c. The use of military force for conflict resolution, d. The right to veto resolutions)
A
Answer: b
55
Q
- Which organ of the United Nations serves as its judicial body? (a. The General Assembly, b. The International Court of Justice, c. The Trusteeship Council, d. The Security Council)
A
Answer: b
56
Q
- How many permanent members are in the UN Security Council? (a. Five, b. Ten, c. Fifteen, d. Twenty)
A
Answer: a
57
Q
- The UN primarily uses which of the following strategies in its peace support operations? (a. Coercion and economic exploitation, b. Preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping, and peace enforcement, c. Regional isolation and sanctions, d. Military invasion and occupation)
A
Answer: b
58
Q
- What is the role of the UN Secretary-General in conflict resolution? (a. Enforcing military action against aggressors, b. Mediating disputes through ‘Good Offices,’ c. Electing non-permanent members of the Security Council, d. Overseeing global economic development)
A
Answer: b
59
Q
- What is the significance of Article 24 of the UN Charter? (a. It limits the use of force to counter threats to peace, b. It establishes the International Court of Justice, c. It confers the primary responsibility for peacekeeping on the Security Council, d. It sets the voting procedures in the General Assembly)
A
Answer: c
60
Q
- Which of the following organizations is NOT an example of a UN specialized agency? (a. WHO, b. IMF, c. UNICEF, d. NATO)
A
Answer: d
61
Q
- Preventive diplomacy focuses on: (a. Ending economic sanctions, b. Preventing disputes from escalating into conflicts, c. Establishing regional governments, d. Drafting new international laws)
A
Answer: b
62
Q
- The term “Blue Helmets” refers to: (a. UN diplomatic envoys, b. UN peacekeepers, c. Members of the General Assembly, d. Military forces of sovereign states)
A
Answer: b
63
Q
- The Trusteeship Council is responsible for: (a. Administering trust territories, b. Overseeing peace enforcement missions, c. Issuing economic sanctions, d. Mediating international trade disputes)
A
Answer: a
64
Q
- What is a key limitation of the UN as highlighted in its Charter? (a. Lack of judicial power, b. Prohibition of external interference in domestic matters, c. Inability to impose sanctions, d. Lack of financial resources)
A
Answer: b
65
Q
- What is the primary function of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? (a. Coordinating global military alliances, b. Addressing social and economic issues, c. Electing judges to the International Court of Justice, d. Imposing trade sanctions)
A
Answer: b
66
Q
- The General Assembly has how many member states? (a. 150, b. 185, c. 193, d. 200)
A
Answer: c
67
Q
- Conflict management includes which of the following? (a. Conflict prevention, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding, b. War enforcement and military occupation, c. Political isolation of aggressor states, d. Rewriting national constitutions)
A
Answer: a
68
Q
- What type of conflict prevention addresses root causes before violence occurs? (a. Structural conflict prevention, b. Operational conflict prevention, c. Tactical conflict management, d. Strategic intervention)
A
Answer: a
69
Q
- The UN relies on what system to detect threats to peace? (a. Satellite monitoring, b. Early warning systems, c. Mass communication networks, d. Economic surveillance)
A
Answer: b
70
Q
- Which of these strategies involves reducing small arms and weapons in conflict zones? (a. Preventive diplomacy, b. Preventive deployment, c. Preventive disarmament, d. Peace enforcement)
A
Answer: c
71
Q
- The International Court of Justice gives binding decisions on disputes involving: (a. Individual citizens, b. Corporations, c. Sovereign states, d. Non-governmental organizations)
A
Answer: c
72
Q
- What is a limitation of the UN in using military force? (a. Lack of funds for peace operations, b. It does not have its own standing army, c. It cannot deploy troops to member states, d. Lack of coordination with regional bodies)
A
Answer: b
73
Q
- Conflict management seeks to: (a. Intensify military campaigns, b. Mitigate the destructive effects of conflicts, c. Promote exclusive national interests, d. Eliminate economic disparities globally)
A
Answer: b
74
Q
- The UN Charter permits military intervention only when: (a. Economic sanctions fail, b. It is authorized by the Security Council, c. A single member state demands it, d. Domestic laws are violated)
A
Answer: b
75
Q
- The Secretariat is considered the: (a. Legislative arm of the UN, b. Administrative center of the UN, c. Military wing of the UN, d. Judicial body of the UN)
A
Answer: b
76
Q
- Peace enforcement is used by the UN when: (a. All diplomatic efforts have failed, b. A treaty is signed, c. Regional organizations refuse to intervene, d. The General Assembly requests it)
A
Answer: a
77
Q
- (What year was ECOWAS formed? a) 1970 b) 1975 c) 1980 d) 1985)
A
Answer: b) 1975
78
Q
- (Which of the following is NOT an organ of ECOWAS? a) Authority of Heads of State and Government b) Council of Elders c) Community Court of Justice d) Inter-State Politics and Diplomacy Committee)
A
Answer: d) Inter-State Politics and Diplomacy Committee
79
Q
- (The ‘Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peace-Keeping, and Security’ was adopted by ECOWAS in which year? a) 1995 b) 1997 c) 1999 d) 2001)
A
Answer: c) 1999
80
Q
- (What is the primary challenge faced by ECOWAS in achieving its objectives? a) Military intervention from external forces b) Financial incapacity and weak economic status of member states c) Absence of member state cooperation d) Lack of a clear organizational structure)
A
Answer: b) Financial incapacity and weak economic status of member states
81
Q
- (Which organization was formed by merging Frontline States and the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference? a) ECOWAS b) SADC c) IGAD d) ECCAS)
A
Answer: b) SADC
82
Q
- (What is the primary focus of the Organ on Politics, Defense, and Security Cooperation (OPDS) under SADC? a) Economic integration b) Defense and security cooperation c) Environmental sustainability d) Trade partnerships)
A
Answer: b) Defense and security cooperation
83
Q
- (What year was IGAD founded? a) 1986 b) 1992 c) 1996 d) 2002)
A
Answer: a) 1986
84
Q
- (IGAD’s Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) was adopted in which year? a) 1998 b) 2000 c) 2002 d) 2005)
A
Answer: c) 2002
85
Q
- (Which protocol did ECCAS adopt in 2000 to address peace and security? a) CEWARN Protocol b) Peace and Security Council for Central Africa Protocol c) Mutual Assistance Pact d) Protocol on Non-Aggression)
A
Answer: b) Peace and Security Council for Central Africa Protocol
86
Q
- (What has been the main issue plaguing the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)? a) Financial incapacity b) Rivalry between Algeria and Morocco c) Lack of a founding treaty d) Environmental crises)
A
Answer: b) Rivalry between Algeria and Morocco
87
Q
- (Which of these organizations has been described as “moribund” since 1994? a) SADC b) AMU c) ECCAS d) IGAD)
A
Answer: b) AMU
88
Q
- (What is the primary reason NGOs are often trusted more than governments in conflict resolution? a) Their access to international funding b) Their perceived neutrality and impartiality c) Their focus on military solutions d) Their bureaucratic efficiency)
A
Answer: b) Their perceived neutrality and impartiality
89
Q
- (What role do NGOs often play in conflict or post-conflict situations? a) Providing military assistance b) Engaging parties in peaceful dialogue c) Enforcing sanctions d) Drafting constitutions)
A
Answer: b) Engaging parties in peaceful dialogue
90
Q
- (Which NGO is specifically known for handling disasters in the international arena? a) ActionAid b) Care International c) International Committee of the Red Cross d) All of the above)
A
Answer: d) All of the above
91
Q
- (Which of the following is NOT a problem identified with African Regional Economic Communities? a) Lack of institutional capacity b) Overlapping responsibilities c) Excessive funding d) Contested sovereignty)
A
Answer: c) Excessive funding
92
Q
- (What does the acronym ECOMOG stand for? a) Economic Community of Monitoring Group b) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group c) ECOWAS Conflict Management Organization d) ECOWAS Central Operations Group)
A
Answer: b) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group
93
Q
- (Which regional body addressed the issue of small arms proliferation in Southern Africa? a) ECOWAS b) IGAD c) SADC d) AMU)
A
Answer: c) SADC
94
Q
- (What is the main function of the Inter-State Defense and Security Committee (ISDSC) under SADC? a) Economic integration b) Military and defense coordination c) Peace-building through education d) Trade partnerships)
A
Answer: b) Military and defense coordination
95
Q
- (Which organization established the Central African Multinational Force (FOMAC)? a) IGAD b) SADC c) ECCAS d) AMU)
A
Answer: c) ECCAS
96
Q
- (What is a major shortcoming of IGAD? a) Lack of member states b) Over-reliance on the United Nations c) Inability to handle complex conflicts due to weak states d) Too many treaties with external powers)
A
Answer: c) Inability to handle complex conflicts due to weak states
97
Q
- (Which of these describes the role of NGOs in advocacy? a) Strengthening military interventions b) Pressurizing governments to change policies c) Drafting international trade agreements d) Developing financial systems)
A
Answer: b) Pressurizing governments to change policies
98
Q
- (Which approach highlights the integrated roles of NGOs, education, and media in conflict resolution? a) Diplomatic b) Multi-track diplomacy c) Military intervention d) Economic partnership)
A
Answer: b) Multi-track diplomacy
99
Q
- (Which conflict region has NGOs played an essential role in addressing? a) Western Sahara b) Northern Uganda c) Central Asia d) Eastern Europe)
A
Answer: b) Northern Uganda
100
Q
- (Which organization includes the Assembly of Heads of State and Government as a central organ? a) SADC b) IGAD c) ECCAS d) AMU)
A
Answer: b) IGAD
101
Q
- (What is one of the reasons NGOs can respond to crises faster than governments? a) Bureaucratic bottlenecks b) Rigid administrative structures c) Lack of formalities and access to networks d) Greater military resources)
A
Answer: c) Lack of formalities and access to networks
102
Q
- What is the primary purpose of the United Nations as outlined in its Charter? (a. To promote economic development globally, b. To maintain international peace and security, c. To regulate trade among nations, d. To oversee cultural exchanges)
A
Answer: b
103
Q
- Which UN organ is responsible for admitting new members into the organization? (a. The Secretariat, b. The Security Council, c. The General Assembly, d. The Economic and Social Council)
A
Answer: c
104
Q
- Article 2(7) of the UN Charter guarantees what principle? (a. The right to impose sanctions, b. The independence and sovereignty of member states, c. The use of military force for conflict resolution, d. The right to veto resolutions)
A
Answer: b
105
Q
- Which organ of the United Nations serves as its judicial body? (a. The General Assembly, b. The International Court of Justice, c. The Trusteeship Council, d. The Security Council)
A
Answer: b
106
Q
- How many permanent members are in the UN Security Council? (a. Five, b. Ten, c. Fifteen, d. Twenty)
A
Answer: a
107
Q
- The UN primarily uses which of the following strategies in its peace support operations? (a. Coercion and economic exploitation, b. Preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping, and peace enforcement, c. Regional isolation and sanctions, d. Military invasion and occupation)
A
Answer: b
108
Q
- What is the role of the UN Secretary-General in conflict resolution? (a. Enforcing military action against aggressors, b. Mediating disputes through ‘Good Offices,’ c. Electing non-permanent members of the Security Council, d. Overseeing global economic development)
A
Answer: b
109
Q
- What is the significance of Article 24 of the UN Charter? (a. It limits the use of force to counter threats to peace, b. It establishes the International Court of Justice, c. It confers the primary responsibility for peacekeeping on the Security Council, d. It sets the voting procedures in the General Assembly)
A
Answer: c
110
Q
- Which of the following organizations is NOT an example of a UN specialized agency? (a. WHO, b. IMF, c. UNICEF, d. NATO)
A
Answer: d
111
Q
- Preventive diplomacy focuses on: (a. Ending economic sanctions, b. Preventing disputes from escalating into conflicts, c. Establishing regional governments, d. Drafting new international laws)
A
Answer: b
112
Q
- The term “Blue Helmets” refers to: (a. UN diplomatic envoys, b. UN peacekeepers, c. Members of the General Assembly, d. Military forces of sovereign states)
A
Answer: b
113
Q
- The Trusteeship Council is responsible for: (a. Administering trust territories, b. Overseeing peace enforcement missions, c. Issuing economic sanctions, d. Mediating international trade disputes)
A
Answer: a
114
Q
- What is a key limitation of the UN as highlighted in its Charter? (a. Lack of judicial power, b. Prohibition of external interference in domestic matters, c. Inability to impose sanctions, d. Lack of financial resources)
A
Answer: b
115
Q
- What is the primary function of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? (a. Coordinating global military alliances, b. Addressing social and economic issues, c. Electing judges to the International Court of Justice, d. Imposing trade sanctions)
A
Answer: b
116
Q
- The General Assembly has how many member states? (a. 150, b. 185, c. 193, d. 200)
A
Answer: c
117
Q
- Conflict management includes which of the following? (a. Conflict prevention, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding, b. War enforcement and military occupation, c. Political isolation of aggressor states, d. Rewriting national constitutions)
A
Answer: a
118
Q
- What type of conflict prevention addresses root causes before violence occurs? (a. Structural conflict prevention, b. Operational conflict prevention, c. Tactical conflict management, d. Strategic intervention)
A
Answer: a
119
Q
- The UN relies on what system to detect threats to peace? (a. Satellite monitoring, b. Early warning systems, c. Mass communication networks, d. Economic surveillance)
A
Answer: b
120
Q
- Which of these strategies involves reducing small arms and weapons in conflict zones? (a. Preventive diplomacy, b. Preventive deployment, c. Preventive disarmament, d. Peace enforcement)
A
Answer: c
121
Q
- The International Court of Justice gives binding decisions on disputes involving: (a. Individual citizens, b. Corporations, c. Sovereign states, d. Non-governmental organizations)
A
Answer: c
122
Q
- What is a limitation of the UN in using military force? (a. Lack of funds for peace operations, b. It does not have its own standing army, c. It cannot deploy troops to member states, d. Lack of coordination with regional bodies)
A
Answer: b
123
Q
- Conflict management seeks to: (a. Intensify military campaigns, b. Mitigate the destructive effects of conflicts, c. Promote exclusive national interests, d. Eliminate economic disparities globally)
A
Answer: b
124
Q
- The UN Charter permits military intervention only when: (a. Economic sanctions fail, b. It is authorized by the Security Council, c. A single member state demands it, d. Domestic laws are violated)
A
Answer: b
125
Q
- The Secretariat is considered the: (a. Legislative arm of the UN, b. Administrative center of the UN, c. Military wing of the UN, d. Judicial body of the UN)
A
Answer: b
126
Q
- Peace enforcement is used by the UN when: (a. All diplomatic efforts have failed, b. A treaty is signed, c. Regional organizations refuse to intervene, d. The General Assembly requests it)
A
Answer: a
127
Q
- (What year was ECOWAS formed? a) 1970 b) 1975 c) 1980 d) 1985)
A
Answer: b) 1975
128
Q
- (Which of the following is NOT an organ of ECOWAS? a) Authority of Heads of State and Government b) Council of Elders c) Community Court of Justice d) Inter-State Politics and Diplomacy Committee)
A
Answer: d) Inter-State Politics and Diplomacy Committee
129
Q
- (The ‘Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peace-Keeping, and Security’ was adopted by ECOWAS in which year? a) 1995 b) 1997 c) 1999 d) 2001)
A
Answer: c) 1999
130
Q
- (What is the primary challenge faced by ECOWAS in achieving its objectives? a) Military intervention from external forces b) Financial incapacity and weak economic status of member states c) Absence of member state cooperation d) Lack of a clear organizational structure)
A
Answer: b) Financial incapacity and weak economic status of member states
131
Q
- (Which organization was formed by merging Frontline States and the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference? a) ECOWAS b) SADC c) IGAD d) ECCAS)
A
Answer: b) SADC
132
Q
- (What is the primary focus of the Organ on Politics, Defense, and Security Cooperation (OPDS) under SADC? a) Economic integration b) Defense and security cooperation c) Environmental sustainability d) Trade partnerships)
A
Answer: b) Defense and security cooperation
133
Q
- (What year was IGAD founded? a) 1986 b) 1992 c) 1996 d) 2002)
A
Answer: a) 1986
134
Q
- (IGAD’s Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) was adopted in which year? a) 1998 b) 2000 c) 2002 d) 2005)
A
Answer: c) 2002
135
Q
- (Which protocol did ECCAS adopt in 2000 to address peace and security? a) CEWARN Protocol b) Peace and Security Council for Central Africa Protocol c) Mutual Assistance Pact d) Protocol on Non-Aggression)
A
Answer: b) Peace and Security Council for Central Africa Protocol
136
Q
- (What has been the main issue plaguing the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)? a) Financial incapacity b) Rivalry between Algeria and Morocco c) Lack of a founding treaty d) Environmental crises)
A
Answer: b) Rivalry between Algeria and Morocco
137
Q
- (Which of these organizations has been described as “moribund” since 1994? a) SADC b) AMU c) ECCAS d) IGAD)
A
Answer: b) AMU
138
Q
- (What is the primary reason NGOs are often trusted more than governments in conflict resolution? a) Their access to international funding b) Their perceived neutrality and impartiality c) Their focus on military solutions d) Their bureaucratic efficiency)
A
Answer: b) Their perceived neutrality and impartiality
139
Q
- (What role do NGOs often play in conflict or post-conflict situations? a) Providing military assistance b) Engaging parties in peaceful dialogue c) Enforcing sanctions d) Drafting constitutions)
A
Answer: b) Engaging parties in peaceful dialogue
140
Q
- (Which NGO is specifically known for handling disasters in the international arena? a) ActionAid b) Care International c) International Committee of the Red Cross d) All of the above)
A
Answer: d) All of the above
141
Q
- (Which of the following is NOT a problem identified with African Regional Economic Communities? a) Lack of institutional capacity b) Overlapping responsibilities c) Excessive funding d) Contested sovereignty)
A
Answer: c) Excessive funding
142
Q
- (What does the acronym ECOMOG stand for? a) Economic Community of Monitoring Group b) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group c) ECOWAS Conflict Management Organization d) ECOWAS Central Operations Group)
A
Answer: b) ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group
143
Q
- (Which regional body addressed the issue of small arms proliferation in Southern Africa? a) ECOWAS b) IGAD c) SADC d) AMU)
A
Answer: c) SADC
144
Q
- (What is the main function of the Inter-State Defense and Security Committee (ISDSC) under SADC? a) Economic integration b) Military and defense coordination c) Peace-building through education d) Trade partnerships)
A
Answer: b) Military and defense coordination
145
Q
- (Which organization established the Central African Multinational Force (FOMAC)? a) IGAD b) SADC c) ECCAS d) AMU)
A
Answer: c) ECCAS
146
Q
- (What is a major shortcoming of IGAD? a) Lack of member states b) Over-reliance on the United Nations c) Inability to handle complex conflicts due to weak states d) Too many treaties with external powers)
A
Answer: c) Inability to handle complex conflicts due to weak states
147
Q
- (Which of these describes the role of NGOs in advocacy? a) Strengthening military interventions b) Pressurizing governments to change policies c) Drafting international trade agreements d) Developing financial systems)
A
Answer: b) Pressurizing governments to change policies
148
Q
- (Which approach highlights the integrated roles of NGOs, education, and media in conflict resolution? a) Diplomatic b) Multi-track diplomacy c) Military intervention d) Economic partnership)
A
Answer: b) Multi-track diplomacy
149
Q
- (Which conflict region has NGOs played an essential role in addressing? a) Western Sahara b) Northern Uganda c) Central Asia d) Eastern Europe)
A
Answer: b) Northern Uganda
150
Q
- (Which organization includes the Assembly of Heads of State and Government as a central organ? a) SADC b) IGAD c) ECCAS d) AMU)
A
Answer: b) IGAD
151
Q
- (What is one of the reasons NGOs can respond to crises faster than governments? a) Bureaucratic bottlenecks b) Rigid administrative structures c) Lack of formalities and access to networks d) Greater military resources)
A
Answer: c) Lack of formalities and access to networks
152
Q
- (What year was the African Mission in Burundi (AMIB) initiated? a) 2002 b) 2003 c) 2004 d) 2005)
A
Answer: b) 2003
153
Q
- (Which organization emphasizes collective defense for Africa? a) United Nations b) African Union c) ECOWAS d) SADC)
A
Answer: b) African Union
154
Q
- (What is the main objective of NEPAD? a) Promote trade and industry b) Achieve poverty eradication and sustainable growth c) Establish military dominance in Africa d) Develop nuclear energy)
A
Answer: b) Achieve poverty eradication and sustainable growth
155
Q
- (Which article of the African Union Constitutive Act empowers intervention on humanitarian grounds? a) Article 1 b) Article 4 c) Article 7 d) Article 10)
A
Answer: b) Article 4
156
Q
- (The African Standby Force (ASF) was proposed to: a) Replace the United Nations Peacekeeping Force b) Mobilize investment resources c) Conduct forceful interventions and peacekeeping operations d) Monitor elections in member states)
A
Answer: c) Conduct forceful interventions and peacekeeping operations
157
Q
- (Which regional organization focuses on Southern African countries? a) ECOWAS b) SADC c) IGAD d) ECCAS)
A
Answer: b) SADC
158
Q
- (What is the main function of the Peace and Security Council (PSC)? a) Provide economic support to African nations b) Resolve conflicts and coordinate peace operations c) Draft national policies d) Establish trade agreements)
A
Answer: b) Resolve conflicts and coordinate peace operations
159
Q
- (Which body advises the AU on gender and governance issues? a) Pan-African Parliament b) ECOSOCC c) Peace and Security Council d) Executive Council)
A
Answer: b) ECOSOCC
160
Q
- (The AU’s Peace Support Operations Division (PSOD) is responsible for: a) Economic policy reforms b) Coordinating and managing peace operations c) Election monitoring d) Developing trade agreements)
A
Answer: b) Coordinating and managing peace operations
161
Q
- (What does the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights focus on? a) Political reforms b) Economic integration c) Minority and human rights d) Military training)
A
Answer: c) Minority and human rights
162
Q
- (Which operation was Africa’s first regional peacekeeping mission? a) AMIS b) UNAMID c) ECCAS d) AMIB)
A
Answer: d) AMIB
163
Q
- (What was a significant limitation of the African Union in peacekeeping? a) Lack of skilled personnel b) Lack of political consensus c) Insufficient institutional and financial capacity d) Resistance from UN officials)
A
Answer: c) Insufficient institutional and financial capacity
164
Q
- (The AU General Assembly intervenes in member states’ internal affairs in cases of: a) Genocide and war crimes b) Political dissent c) Economic mismanagement d) Cultural disputes)
A
Answer: a) Genocide and war crimes
165
Q
- (Which African regional community includes West African nations? a) ECOWAS b) SADC c) IGAD d) ECCAS)
A
Answer: a) ECOWAS
166
Q
- (The Economic and Social Council of the AU consists of how many members? a) 100 b) 150 c) 200 d) 250)
A
Answer: b) 150
167
Q
- (The Pan-African Parliament (PAP) primarily promotes: a) Economic development b) Human rights and governance c) Industrial growth d) Educational reforms)
A
Answer: b) Human rights and governance
168
Q
- (The African Union’s policy on defense emphasizes: a) Sovereignty over member countries b) Individual state autonomy c) Collective security and defense d) Neutrality in conflicts)
A
Answer: c) Collective security and defense
169
Q
- (Which year was AMIS launched? a) 2002 b) 2003 c) 2004 d) 2005)
A
Answer: c) 2004
170
Q
- (The AU’s Peace and Security Council’s early warning system aims to: a) Alert other global organizations b) Identify emerging conflict situations c) Conduct diplomatic summits d) Organize humanitarian aid)
A
Answer: b) Identify emerging conflict situations
171
Q
- (NEPAD is associated with which of the following? a) Military operations b) Women empowerment c) Infrastructure privatization d) Cultural assimilation)
A
Answer: b) Women empowerment
172
Q
- (Which document outlines the common defense policy of the AU? a) The United Nations Charter b) The AU Constitutive Act c) NEPAD Framework d) African Standby Force Agreement)
A
Answer: b) The AU Constitutive Act
173
Q
- (The primary function of the AU Executive Council is: a) Budget preparation and supervision of Assembly decisions b) Promoting trade agreements c) Military training programs d) Election monitoring)
A
Answer: a) Budget preparation and supervision of Assembly decisions
174
Q
- (What was the goal of the Peace and Security Directorate? a) Establishing trade unions b) Promoting cultural unity c) Enhancing institutional capacity for peace d) Managing regional elections)
A
Answer: c) Enhancing institutional capacity for peace
175
Q
- (Which African regional body focuses on East Africa? a) IGAD b) ECOWAS c) SADC d) AMU)
A
Answer: a) IGAD
176
Q
- (The primary objectives of the AU Conflict Management Mechanism include: a) Establishing trade routes b) Anticipating and preventing conflicts c) Promoting cultural festivals d) Reforming education systems)
A
Answer: b) Anticipating and preventing conflicts
