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Fundamentals OTH 201 > chp 11: Nervous system > Flashcards

chp 11: Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

cognition

A

process of thought- including reasoning, judgment, and perception

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2
Q

nerve impulse

A

electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

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3
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neurons)

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4
Q

peripheral

A

pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

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5
Q

traumatic

A

caused by or pertaining to an injury

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6
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

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7
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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8
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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9
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

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10
Q

mening/o

meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

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11
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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12
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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13
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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14
Q

-phasia

A

speech

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15
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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16
Q

hemi-

A

one half

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17
Q

para-

A

near; beside; beyond

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18
Q

quadri-

A

four

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19
Q

amyotrophic lateral

A

degenerative disorder that manifests in adulthood with symptoms of difficulty in swelling and talking, dyspnea, muscle weakness, and paralysis; also call Lou Gehrig disease (named after the baseball player who became afflicted with ALS)

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20
Q

dementia

A

progressive, irreversible deterioration of mental function marked my memory impairment and , commonly, deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, task execution, and use of language

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21
Q

Alzheimer diseas

A

chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic “plaques,” which results in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning and personality changes

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22
Q

epilepsy

A

disorder that results from the generation of electrical signals inside the brain, causing recurring seizures in which some people simple stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, whereas others have extreme convulsions

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23
Q

Huntington chorea

A

inherited, degenerative disease of the CNS with symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste away, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movements, emotional disturbances, and mental deteriorations

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24
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease; if left untreated, causes an enlarged head and cognitive decline

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25
multiple sclerosis (MS)
progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myeline throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscular symptoms
26
neruoblastoma
malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants and children
27
neurosis
Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior
28
palsy
partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis
29
Bellpalsy
facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve
30
cerebralpalsy
bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogessive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis, which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary
31
pralysis
loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injury
32
parkinson disease
progressive neurological disorder caused by a neurotransmitter deficiency (dopamine) that affects the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement and results in hand tremors; uncontrollable head nodding; shuffling gait; and difficulty talking, swallowing, or completing simple tasks
33
poliomyelitis
inflammation of grey matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
34
sciatica
severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the hip
35
shingles
chronic viral disease in which painful blisters appear on the skin along the course of a peripheral nerve that is caused by inflammation secondary to herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox; also called herpes zoster
36
spina bifida
congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude
37
spina bifida occulta
most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
38
spina befida cystica
more severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both meningomyelocele
39
stroke
inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the brain due to a clot or ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), which allows brain tissue to die and becomes a medical emergency; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
40
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
laboratory test that examines a sample of CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture, which is analyzed for the presence of blood, bacteria, and malignant cells as well as for the amount fo protein and glucose present
41
electroencephalography (ECG)
electrodes are placed on the scalp to record electrical activity within the brain; used to evaluate seizure and sleep disorders and periods of unconsciousness, monitor brain surgeries, and determine whether a person is in a coma or brain dead
42
lumbar puncture (LP)
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to withdraw a sample of CSF used for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological laboratory analysis; also called spinal tap or spinal puncture
43
craniotomy
surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures
44
thalamotomy
partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain
45
trephination
excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine to reveal brain tissue during neurosurgery, or to relieve intracranial pressure (ICP)
46
anesthetics
produce partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness
47
general anesthetics
produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness
48
local anestehetics
produce loss of feeling and affect a local area only
49
anticonvulsants
prevent or control seizures
50
antiparkinsonian agents
reduce signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson disease
51
antipsychotics
Alter neruotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of delusions and hallucinations
52
thrombolytics
dissolve blood clots in a process know as thrombolysis
53
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
54
CNS
central nervous system
55
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
56
CVA
cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
57
CVD
cerebrovascular disease
58
EEG
electroencephalogram; electroencephalography
59
LP
lumbar puncture
60
MS
mitral stenosis; musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; magnesium sulfate
61
PNS
peripheral nervous system
62
TIA
transient ischemic attack
63
TN
trigeminal neuralgia

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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