Chap 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
dia-
through, across
gnos
knowing
-is
noun ending
pulmon
lung
-ary
pertaining to
thorac
chest
-ic
pertaining to
vascul
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
-ar
pertaining to
diagnosis
identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, lab test results, and procedures
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system
respiration
molecular exchange of oxygen and CO2 within the body’s tissues; also called breathing, pulmonary ventilation, or ventilation
thoracic
pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)
vascular
pertaining to the blood vessel
pulmonology
respiratory system; also known as pulmonary medicine
adenoid/o
adenoids
-ectomy
excision, removal
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
-scope
instrument for examining
nas/o
nose
-al
pertaining to
rhin/o
nose
-rrhea
discharge, flow
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
-tomy
incision
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
-ar
pertaining to
bronch/o
bronchus (plural: bronchi)
-scopy
visual examination
bronchi/o
bronchus (plus: bronchi)
-ectasis
expansion, dilation
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
-itis
inflammation
phren/o
diaphragm
-algia
pain
pleur/o
pleura
-dynia
pain
pneum/o
air; lung
melan
black
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
pneumon/o
air; lung
-ia
condition
pulmon/o
lung
-logist
specialist in the study of
thorac/o
chest
-pathy
disease
aer/o
air
-phagia
swallowing, eating
cyan/o
blue
muc/o
mucus
-oid
resembling
myc/o
fungus
orth/o
straight
-pnea
breathing
py/o
pus
-thorax
chest
-oma
tumor
chondr/o
cartilage
-plasty
surgical repair
rhin/o
nose
-plegia
paralysis
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
a-
without, not
-pnea
breathing
brady-
slow
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
eu-
good, normal
tachy-
rapid
abnormal breath sounds
abnormal sounds heard during inhalation or expiration, with or without stethoscope
crackles
fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; also called rales
friction rub
dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)
rhonchi
loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways
stridor
high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of CO2 in the body
acid
acid
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
life-threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream; also called adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
anosmia
absence or decrease in the sense of smell
anoxia
total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by a lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs
-oxia
oxygen
asphyxia
condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma
-sphyxia
pulse
asthma
inflammatory airway disorder that result in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and CO2 and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure ion the lung from a tumor
atel
incomplete; imperfect
bronchitis
acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both
coryza
acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lung sand digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death
-cyst
bladder
-ic
pertaining to
fibr
fiber, fibrous tissue
emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed
-staxis
dripping, oozing (of blood)
hypercapnia
greater than normal amounts of CO2 in the blood
-capnia
CO2
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hyp-
under, below, deficient
ox
oxygen
-emia
blood condition
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in the body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
otitis media (OM)
inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes
ot
ear
med
middle
-ia
condition
exudative
OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop” sounding cough; also called whooping cough
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing
pleur
pleura
-isy
state of; condition
pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
pneum/o
air, lung
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant; also called crib death
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
group of tests that measure the oxygen and CO2 concentration in an arterial blood sample
arteri
artery
-al
pertaining to
mantoux test
intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis (TB)
polysomnography (PSG)
sleep study test monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep, such as HR and activity, breathing, eye and muscle movements, snoring, kicking during sleep, and sleep cycles and stages
poly-
many, much
somn/o
sleep
-grpahy
process of recording
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently
spirometry
common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air; used to assess pulmonary function by means of a spirometer to assess obstructive lung diseases, especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
spir/o
to breathe
-metry
act of measuring
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breathe on their own; also used to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia
endo-
in, within
postural drainage
use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
thoracocentesis
use of a needle to collect pleural fluid from laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space; also called thoracentesis
-centesis
surgical puncture
tracheostomy
incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)
-stomy
forming an opening (mouth)
bronchodilators
dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhalation via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
corticosteroids
suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi
expectorants
improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation
nebulized mist treatment (NMT)
method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nubulizer) that produces a fine spray; also called a aerosol therapy
ABG
arterial blood gas(es)
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome; acute respiratory distress syndrome
CF
cystic fibrosis
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
NMT
nebulized mist treatment
OM
otitis media
O2
oxygen
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
PFT
pulmonary function test
TB
tuberculosis
UPP
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (lol)
URI
upper respiratory infection
