Chap 8: Urinary System Flashcards
dialysis
mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
electrolytes
solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (NA, K)
metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
pH
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
cyst/o
bladder
vesic/o
bladder
-us
condition, structure
hydr/o
water
glamerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
opening, meatus
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
urin/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-pexy
fixation of an organ
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
-uria
urine
supra-
above; excessive; superior
asot
nitrogenous compounds
nephr/o
kidney
olig
scanty
ren
kidney
azoturia
increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
cystocele
bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder
ur
urine
-esis
condition
di-
double
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis
en-
in, within
-spadias
slit, fissure
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis
hypospadias
abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
interstitial nephritis
form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
nephrolithiasis
formation of calculi in the kidney that result when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as CA and acid salts) solidify
renal hypertension
high BP that results from kidney disease
uremia
elevated level or urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the kidneys, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream
Wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hermaturia
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
lab test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
culture and sensitivity (C & S)
lab test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
radiographic exam to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
pyelography
radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and, usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
pyel/o
renal pelvis
intra-
in, within
retro-
backward, behind
-grade
to go
cyst/o
bladder
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract
retrograde pyelogrpahy (RP)
radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstructions
renal scan
nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney
urinalysis (UA)
physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium
catheterization
insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
cystoscopy (cysto)
insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps
lithotripsy
method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine
corpor
body
extra
outside
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney
nephrolithotomy
surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus
renal transplantation
organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation
ureteral stent
insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
anbtibiotics
treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
antispasmodics
decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder
diuretics
block reabsorption of NA by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and H2O excreted in the urine (causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema)
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
C & S
culture and sensitivity
CKD
chronic kidney disease
CRF
chronic renal failure
cysto
cystoscopy
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
IVP
intravenous pyelography
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
RP
retrograde pyelogrpahy
pH
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
UA
urinalysis
US
ultrasound; ultrasonogrpahy
UTI
urinary tract infection
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogrpahy
WBC, wbc
white blood cell
