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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Chap 8: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chap 8: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

dialysis

A

mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

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2
Q

electrolytes

A

solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (NA, K)

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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4
Q

pH

A

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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5
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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6
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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7
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

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8
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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9
Q

glamerul/o

A

glomerulus

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10
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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11
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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12
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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13
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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14
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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15
Q

urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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16
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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17
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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18
Q

-pexy

A

fixation of an organ

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19
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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20
Q

-uria

A

urine

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21
Q

supra-

A

above; excessive; superior

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22
Q

asot

A

nitrogenous compounds

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23
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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24
Q

olig

A

scanty

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25
Q

ren

A

kidney

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26
Q

azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

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27
Q

cystocele

A

bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder

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28
Q

ur

A

urine

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29
Q

-esis

A

condition

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30
Q

di-

A

double

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31
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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32
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition, such as cystitis

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33
Q

en-

A

in, within

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34
Q

-spadias

A

slit, fissure

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35
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

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36
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

37
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

38
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

39
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

40
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

formation of calculi in the kidney that result when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as CA and acid salts) solidify

41
Q

renal hypertension

A

high BP that results from kidney disease

42
Q

uremia

A

elevated level or urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia

43
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of the kidneys, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

44
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hermaturia

45
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

lab test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

46
Q

culture and sensitivity (C & S)

A

lab test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection

47
Q

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

A

radiographic exam to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

48
Q

pyelography

A

radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and, usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent

49
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

50
Q

intra-

A

in, within

51
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

52
Q

-grade

A

to go

53
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

54
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract

55
Q

retrograde pyelogrpahy (RP)

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstructions

56
Q

renal scan

A

nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney

57
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

58
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium

59
Q

catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

60
Q

cystoscopy (cysto)

A

insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps

61
Q

lithotripsy

A

method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine

62
Q

corpor

A

body

63
Q

extra

A

outside

64
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

65
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

66
Q

renal transplantation

A

organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation

67
Q

ureteral stent

A

insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

68
Q

anbtibiotics

A

treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

69
Q

antispasmodics

A

decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder

70
Q

diuretics

A

block reabsorption of NA by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and H2O excreted in the urine (causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema)

71
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

72
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity

73
Q

CKD

A

chronic kidney disease

74
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

75
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

76
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

77
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

78
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelography

79
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder

80
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

81
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogrpahy

82
Q

pH

A

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity

83
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

84
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

85
Q

US

A

ultrasound; ultrasonogrpahy

86
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

87
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogrpahy

88
Q

WBC, wbc

A

white blood cell

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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