Chap 9: Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
fertilization
A
union of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual
2
Q
gamete
A
reproductive cell (spermatozoon in the male and ovum in the female)
3
Q
neonate
A
infant from birth to 28 days of age
4
Q
infertility
A
persistent inability to conceive a child
5
Q
ova
A
female reproductive cells (ovum)
6
Q
postpartum
A
occurring after childbirth
7
Q
-partum
A
childbirth; labor
8
Q
amni/o
A
amnion (amniotic sac)
9
Q
-gen
A
forming, producing, origin
10
Q
vagin
A
vagina
11
Q
-rrhagia
A
bursting forth (of)
12
Q
rrpaphy
A
suture
13
Q
-tropin
A
stimulate
14
Q
sperm
A
spermatozoa; sperm cells
15
Q
crypt
A
hidden
16
Q
-cide
A
killing
17
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck or uterus)
18
Q
col/o
A
vagina
19
Q
vagin/o
A
vagina
20
Q
galact/o
A
milk
21
Q
lact/o
A
milk
22
Q
gynec/o
A
woman; female
23
Q
hyster/o
A
uterus (womb)
24
Q
uter/o
A
uterus (womb)
25
mamm/o
breast
26
mast/o
breast
27
men/o
menses, menstruction
28
metr/o
uterus (womb); measure
29
nat/o
birth
30
oophor/o
ovary
31
ovari/o
ovary
32
perine/o
perineum
33
salping/o
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian (auditory) tubes)
34
vulv/o
vulva
35
episi/o
vulva
36
andr/o
male
37
balan/o
glans penis
38
gonad/o
gonads, sex glands
39
olig/o
scanty
40
orch/o
testis (testes)
41
orchi/o
testis
42
orchid/o
testis
43
test/o
testis
44
prostat/o
prostate gland
45
spermat/o, sperm/i, sperm/o
spermatozoa, sperm cells
46
varic/o
dilated vein
47
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
48
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
49
pseudo-
false
50
-version
turning
51
-arche
beginning
52
-cyesis
pergnancy
53
-gravida
pregnant woman
54
-para
to bear (offspring)
55
-salpinx
tube (fallopian or auditory tube)
56
-tocia
childbirth, labor
57
retro-
backward, behind
58
metri
uterus (womb)
59
candidiasis
vaginal fungal infection caused by candida albicans and characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extreme itching
60
cervictis
inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or a sexually transmitted infection
61
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the oviducts (tubal pregnancy)
62
endometriosis
presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or abdomen
63
fibroid
benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue; also called leiomymoa
64
-oid
resembling
65
tox
poison
66
fistula
abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation
67
vesicovaginal
abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that results in severe urine loss from the vagina
68
gestational hypertension
potentially life-threatening condition of high BP; usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinurida
69
preeclampsia
nonconvulsive form of gestational hypertension that , if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia
70
eclampsia
convulsive form of gestational hypertension that is a medical emergency and life-threatening to the mother, baby, or both
71
sterility
inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman
72
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
rare, sometimes fatal, staphylococcal infection that generally occurs in menstruating women, most of whom use vaginal tampons
73
anorchism
congenital absence of one or both tests; also called anorchia
74
balanitis
inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis
75
balan
glans penis
76
crypt
hidden
77
-spadias
slit, fissure
78
phim
muzzle
79
genit
genitalia
80
gon/o
seed (ovum or spermatozoon)
81
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normally occurs as a man ages and is common in men older than age 60
82
cryptorchidism
failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum
83
epispadias
congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip
84
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis instead of the tip
85
impotence
inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also called erectile dysfunction
86
phimosis
stenosis or narrowing of the perpuitial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis
87
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual; also called venereal disease
88
chlamydia
one of the most damaging STIs caused by the bacterium Chlymydia trachomatis, causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men
89
genital warts
warts in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly associated with cervical cancer in women
90
gonorrhea
contagious STI caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or rectum
91
herpes genitalis
infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 of the male or female genital and anorectal skin and mucosa that may be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus during delivery
92
syphilis
infectious, chronic STI characterized by a skin lesion (chancre) typically on the genitals, rectum, or mouth, which may cause long-term complications, including death if left untreated
93
trichomoniasis
protozoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate and the most common STI affecting men and women, although symptoms are more common in women
94
colp/o
vagina
95
hyster/o
uterus (womb)
96
salping/o
tube
97
lapar/o
abdomen
98
colposcopy
exam of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
99
hysterosalpingography
radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium
100
laparoscopy
visual exam of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
101
mammography
radiography of the breasts used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors
102
papanicolaou (pap) test
microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained from the cervix and vagina using a swab to detect carcinoma
103
digital rectal examination (DRE)
exam of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum
104
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer
105
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy of the prostate
an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of the prostate gland tissues where abnormalities are detected
106
cerclage
obstetric procedure in which a nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix
107
dilation and curettage (D&C)
surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal at the uterus (dilation) so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scraped (curettage) to stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding, diagnose uterine abnormalities, and obtain tissue for microscopic examination
108
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of the uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary
109
oophor
ovary
110
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary breast tumor (lump) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
111
mastectomy
complete or partial excision of one or both breasts most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor
112
modified radical mastectomy
mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection)
113
radical mastectomy
mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast
114
total mastectomy
mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy
115
reconstructive breast surgery
reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease; commonly possible immediately after mastectomy so that the patients awakens from anesthesia with a breast mound already in place
116
tissue (skin) expansion
common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant
117
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured into place
118
tubal ligation
sterilization procedure that involves blocking both Fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off
119
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis; usually performed on a male infant
120
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (excessive overgrowth of normal tissue) by insertion of a resectoscope into a penis and through the urethra to chip away at prostatic tissue and flush out chips using an irrigating solution
121
antifungals
treat vaginal fungal infection, such as candidiasis
122
estrogens
treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
123
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women
124
oral contraceptives (OCPs)
prevent ovulation to avoid pregnancy; also known as birth control pills
125
gonadotropins
hormonal preparation used to increase sperm count in cases of infertility
126
spermicides
method of birth control; destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
127
CS, C-section
cesarean section
128
D&C
dilation and curettage
129
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
130
IVF
in vitro fertilzation
131
LMP
last menstrual period
132
OB-GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
133
Pap
papanicolaou test
134
para 1, 2, 3
upipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)
135
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
136
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
137
TRAM
transverse rectus abdominis muscle
138
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
139
TVH
total vaginal hysterectomy
140
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy
141
DRE
digital rectal examination
142
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
143
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
144
GC
gonorrhea
145
HPV
human papillomavirus
146
STI
sexually transmitted infection
147
VD
venereal disease
