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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Chp 10. Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chp 10. Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment, regardless of changing conditions in the outside environment

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2
Q

hormone

A

Chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body that works slowly and affects many different processes, including growth and development, sexual function, mood and metabolism

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical and physical processes occurring within living cells

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4
Q

adren/o

A

gland

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5
Q

adrenal/o

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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6
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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7
Q

gluc/o

gyyc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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8
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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9
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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11
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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12
Q

thyr/o

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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13
Q

toxic/o

A

poision

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14
Q

-crine

A

to secrete

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15
Q

-ism

A

conditon

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16
Q

-hyper

A

excessive, above normal

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17
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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18
Q

Addison disease

A

hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyper-pigmentation of the skin

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19
Q

Cushing syndrom

A

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood; may be due to the use of oral corticosteroid medication or by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH

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20
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2

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21
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas with complete deficiency of insulin secretion

22
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by a deficiency in the production of insulin or a resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

23
Q

insulinoma

A

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

24
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

25
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

26
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

Rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and noepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation

27
Q

fasting blood glucose (FBG)

A

test that measures glucose levels in the blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia; also called fasting blood sugar (FBS)

28
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

test in which the patient fasts for 8-12 hours and then ingest glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from the blood; used to diagnose diabetes with higher accuracy than other blood glucose tests; also call oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

29
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test(RAIU)

A

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up (uptake) iodine from the blood

30
Q

thyroid function test (TFT)

A

blood test that measures thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function

31
Q

total calcium

A

blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

32
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism

33
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or a tumor

34
Q

transsphenoidal

A

minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without affecting brain

35
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterones, testosterone, ore testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women

36
Q

insulins

A

replace insulin in patents with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes

37
Q

oral antidiabetics

A

treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in the blood

38
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

39
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

40
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

41
Q

FBG

A

fasting blood glucose

42
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

43
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

44
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

45
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

46
Q

IV

A

intravenously

47
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake

48
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

49
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

50
Q

insulin

A

insuline

51
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

52
Q

pan-

A

all

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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