Chp 10. Endocrine System

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment, regardless of changing conditions in the outside environment

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

Chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body that works slowly and affects many different processes, including growth and development, sexual function, mood and metabolism

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

sum of all chemical and physical processes occurring within living cells

Question 4

adren/o

Answer 4

gland

Question 5

adrenal/o

adren/o

Answer 5

adrenal glands

Question 6

calc/o

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

gluc/o

gyyc/o

Answer 7

sugar, sweetness

Question 8

pancreat/o

Answer 8

pancreas

Question 9

parathyroid/o

Answer 9

parathyroid glands

Question 10

pituitar/o

Answer 10

pituitary gland

Question 11

thym/o

Answer 11

thymus gland

Question 12

thyr/o

thyroid/o

Answer 12

thyroid gland

Question 13

toxic/o

Answer 13

poision

Question 14

-crine

Answer 14

to secrete

Question 15

-ism

Answer 15

conditon

Question 16

-hyper

Answer 16

excessive, above normal

Question 17

poly-

Answer 17

many, much

Question 18

Addison disease

Answer 18

hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyper-pigmentation of the skin

Question 19

Cushing syndrom

Answer 19

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood; may be due to the use of oral corticosteroid medication or by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH

Question 20

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 20

group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2

Question 21

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 21

abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas with complete deficiency of insulin secretion

Question 22

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 22

gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by a deficiency in the production of insulin or a resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

Question 23

insulinoma

Answer 23

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 24

Pancreatitis

Answer 24

inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

Question 25

panhypopituitarism

Answer 25

Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Question 26

pheochromocytoma

Answer 26

Rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and noepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation

Question 27

fasting blood glucose (FBG)

Answer 27

test that measures glucose levels in the blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia; also called fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Question 28

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Answer 28

test in which the patient fasts for 8-12 hours and then ingest glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from the blood; used to diagnose diabetes with higher accuracy than other blood glucose tests; also call oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Question 29

radioactive iodine uptake test(RAIU)

Answer 29

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up (uptake) iodine from the blood

Question 30

thyroid function test (TFT)

Answer 30

blood test that measures thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Question 31

total calcium

Answer 31

blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

Question 32

lobectomy

Answer 32

removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism

Question 33

thymectomy

Answer 33

excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or a tumor

Question 34

transsphenoidal

Answer 34

minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without affecting brain

Question 35

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 35

synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterones, testosterone, ore testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women

Question 36

insulins

Answer 36

replace insulin in patents with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes

Question 37

oral antidiabetics

Answer 37

treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in the blood

Question 38

ADH

Answer 38

antidiuretic hormone

Question 39

BS

Answer 39

blood sugar

Question 40

DM

Answer 40

diabetes mellitus

Question 41

FBG

Answer 41

fasting blood glucose

Question 42

FBS

Answer 42

fasting blood sugar

Question 43

GH

Answer 43

growth hormone

Question 44

GTT

Answer 44

glucose tolerance test

Question 45

HRT

Answer 45

hormone replacement therapy

Question 46

IV

Answer 46

intravenously

Question 47

RAIU

Answer 47

radioactive iodine uptake

Question 48

TFT

Answer 48

thyroid function test

Question 49

TSH

Answer 49

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 50

insulin

Answer 50

insuline

Question 51

pancreat/o

Answer 51

pancreas

Question 52

pan-

Answer 52

all