Chapter 13: Special Senses Flashcards
cataract
opacity of the lens of the eye, usually occurring as a result of aging, train, metabolic disease, or the adverse effect of certain medications or chemicals
cornea transplantation
procedure in which a damaged cornea is replaced by the cornea from they eye of a human cadaver; aka keratoplasty
glaucoma
eye disease in which increased eyeball pressure causes of gradual loss of sight
ocular
pertaining to the eye or sense of sight
radial keratotomy
surgery to correct myopia, or nearsightedness, by changing the shape of the cornea (transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil)
sleep apnea
condition in which breathing stops for more than 10 seconds during sleep
choroid/o
choroid
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
corne/o
cornea
cor/o
core/o
pupill/o
pupil
dacry/o
lacrim/o
tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)
dipl/o
double
irid/o
double
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye, vision
retin/o
retina
acous/o
audi/o
audit/o
hearing
myring/o
tympan/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
ot/o
ear
salping/o
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
- acusis
- cusis
hearing
- opia
- opsia
vision
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
exo-
outside, outward
hyper-
excessive, above normal
achromatopsia
congenital deficiency in color perception that is more in men; aka color blindness
astigmatism
refractive disorder in which excessive curvature of the cornea or lens causes light to be scattered over the retina, rather than focused on a single point, resulting in a distorted image
cataract
degenerative disease that is due mainly to the aging process in which the lens of they eye becomes progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision, and that is treated with cataract surgery
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by bacteria, allergy, irritation, or a foreign body; aka pinkeye
diabetic retinopathy
retinal damage in diabetic patients marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding fof blood vessels or the formation of new blood vessels causing visual changes
hordeolum
small, purulent, inflammation infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; sty
macular degeneration
deterioration of the macula, resulting in loss of central vision; common cause of visual impairment in persons older than age 50
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired
photophobia
unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light that occurs in disorders such as meningitis, eye inflammation, measles, and rubella
strabismus
muscular eye disorder in which the eyes turn from the eyes turn from the normal position so that they deviate in different directions
esotropia
Strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye toward that of the other eye, resulting in diplopia; aka cross-eye or convergent strabismus
exotropia
strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia; aka wall-eye or divergent strabismus
hearing loss
loss of sense or perception of sound
anacusis
total deafness (complete hearing loss)
conductive
results from any condition that prevents sound waves from being transmitted to the auditory receptors
presbycusis
hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older
sensorineural
inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear as a result of damage to the auditory (acoustic) nerve or cochlea; aka nerve deafness
Méniére disease
rare disorder characterized by progressive deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, possibly secondary to swelling of membranous structures within the labyrinth
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear, which is commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) and may be treated with tympanostomy tube insertion
otosclerosis
progressive deafness secondary to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
tinnitus
ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in quiet environment, that usually results from damage to inner ear structures associated with hearing
vertigo
sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness that usually results from inner ear structure damage associated with balance and equilibrium
tonometry
test to measure pressure inside the eyes (intraocular pressure); used to screen for glaucoma
visual acuity test
standard eye examination to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a Snellen chart, or E chart, at a distance of 20 feet
audiometry
test to measures hearing acuity at various sound frequencies
otoscopy
visual examination the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
tuning fork test
hearing tests that use a tuning fork (instrument that produces a constant pitch when struck) that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of the head to assess nerve and bone conduction of sound
Rinne
evaluates bone conduction of sound in one ear at a time
Weber
evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time
cataract surgery
excision of a lens affected by a cataract
phacoemulsificiation
excision of the lens by ultrasonic vibrations that break the lens into tiny particles, which are suctioned out of the eye; small incision cataract surgery
iridectomy
excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma
lasar iridotomy
laser surgery that creates an opening on the rim of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow between the anterior and posterior chambers to relieve intraocular pressure that occurs as a result of glaucoma; is replacing iridectomy because it is a safer procedure
laser photocoagulation
use of a laser beam to seal leaking or hemorrhaging retinal blood vessels to treat diabetic retinopathy
cochlear implant
electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlear of a deaf person to restore hearing
ear irrigation
process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water or sterile saline solution to treat blockages of a foreign body or cerumen (ear wax) impaction
myringoplasty
surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft to correct hearing loss; aka tympanoplasty
myringotomy
incision of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear or to insert tympanostomy tubes in the eardrum via surgery
antiglaucoma agents
reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball either by reducing its production or by increasing its outflow
miotics
cause the pupil to constrict
mydriatrics
cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination
vertigo and motion
decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear from reaching the vomiting center of the brain
wax emulsifiers
loosen and help remove impacted cerumen
ARMD
age-related macular degeneration
Ast
astigmatism
ENT
ear, nose, and throat
IOP
intraocular pressure
Myop
myopia
OM
otitis media
SICS
small incision cataract surgery
ST
esotropia
