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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Chapter 7: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

biopsy

A

removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

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2
Q

bi

A

two

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3
Q

-opsy

A

view of

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4
Q

endoscopic

A

pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes

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5
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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6
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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7
Q

-ist

A

specialist

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8
Q

orth

A

straight

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9
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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10
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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11
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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12
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, deficient

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13
Q

sub-

A

under, below

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14
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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15
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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16
Q

ptyal/o

A

saliva

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17
Q

-ism

A

condition

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18
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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19
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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20
Q

-scope

A

instrument for examining

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21
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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22
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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23
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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24
Q

tonsill

A

tonsils

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25
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum)

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26
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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27
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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28
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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29
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

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30
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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31
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine)

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32
Q

an/o

A

anus

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33
Q

peri-

A

around

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34
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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35
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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36
Q

col/o

A

colon

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37
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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38
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

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39
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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40
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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41
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling

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42
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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43
Q

-ole

A

small, minute

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44
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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45
Q

-lith

A

stone, calculus

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46
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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47
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

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48
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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49
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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50
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain

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51
Q

-emesis

A

vomitting

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52
Q

gastr

A

stomach

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53
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

54
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

55
Q

cirrh

A

yellow

56
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

57
Q

post-

A

after, behind

58
Q

dia-

A

through, across

59
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

60
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

61
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase

62
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

63
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

64
Q

-prandial

A

meal

65
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

66
Q

end-

A

in, within

67
Q

hemat-

A

blood

68
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, deficient

69
Q

appendicits

A

inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of and appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy

70
Q

ascites

A

pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

71
Q

borborygmus

A

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestine

72
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

73
Q

diverticular disease

A

formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)

74
Q

enter

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

75
Q

-y

A

condition, process

76
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

77
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

78
Q

fistula

A

abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such ash the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula), or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation

79
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

80
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer

81
Q

-oid

A

resembling

82
Q

jaund

A

yellow

83
Q

-ice

A

noun ending

84
Q

hemorrhoid

A

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; also called piles

85
Q

hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

86
Q

strangulated

A

hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery

87
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines

88
Q

crohn disease

A

chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis

89
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain

90
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that doesn’t cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon

91
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia

92
Q

obesity

A

condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25

93
Q

morbid obesity

A

more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight

94
Q

ulcer

A

open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing or inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue

95
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

96
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum. BE is used for diagnosis of obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis

97
Q

barium swallow

A

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium); also called upper GI series

98
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts

99
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope; also called upper GI endoscopy

100
Q

stool guaiac

A

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that isn’t apparent on visual inspection; also called hemoccult test

101
Q

bariatric surgery

A

any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity

102
Q

vertical banded gastroplsaty

A

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fulness

103
Q

roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

A

bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, reducing absorption of calories and fats

104
Q

colostomy

A

excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

105
Q

lithotripsy

A

eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

106
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

107
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

108
Q

extra-

A

outside

109
Q

corpor

A

body

110
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

111
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostriles, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

112
Q

nas/o

A

nose

113
Q

polyp

A

small growth

114
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

115
Q

antacids

A

neutralize acids in the stomach

116
Q

antidiarrheals

A

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

117
Q

antiemetics

A

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

118
Q

laxatives

A

relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract

119
Q

BE

A

barium enema; below the elbow

120
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

121
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (lol)

122
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogrpahy

123
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

124
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

125
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

126
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

127
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

128
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

129
Q

RGB

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

130
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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