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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

antigen

A

substance that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response

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2
Q

autoimmune

A

type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

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3
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system

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4
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow, aka hemopoiesis

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5
Q

immune response

A

defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies

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6
Q

immunodeficiency

A

decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism

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7
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells and in tissue spaces

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8
Q

lymphocyte

A

type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)

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9
Q

monocytes

A

Large WBCs formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis

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10
Q

oncology

A

branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)

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11
Q

pathogens

A

any microorganism capable of producing disease

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12
Q

transfusion

A

collection of blood or blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient

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13
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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14
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

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15
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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16
Q

hem/o and hemat/o

A

blood

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17
Q

leuk/o

A

cell

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18
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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19
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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20
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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21
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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22
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

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23
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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24
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland

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25
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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26
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

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27
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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28
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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29
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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30
Q

-phage

A

swallowing, eating

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31
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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32
Q

poiesis

A

formation, production

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33
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

34
Q

macro-

A

large

35
Q

micro-

A

small

36
Q

mono-

A

one

37
Q

anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss

38
Q

aplastic

A

failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, chemotherapy drugs; rare but serious form of anemia

39
Q

pernicious

A

deficiency of erythrocytes resulting from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis

40
Q

thalassemia

A

group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin; usually seen in people of Mediterranean origin

41
Q

hemophilia

A

group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood

42
Q

leukemia

A

malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

43
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

A

transmissible infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with suppression of the immune system; characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

44
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Malignant disease originating in the lymphocytes (part of the body’s immune system) that occurs most often in young adults and characterized by the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells) in the lymph nodes

45
Q

immunodeficiency

A

any group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases

46
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue, that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS

47
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually result of infection

48
Q

Lymphedema

A

deliberating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately

49
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

50
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes)

51
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

a group of more than 20 different types of lymphomas (except Hodgkin lymphoma) that occur in older adults but are not characterized by Reed-Sternmerg cells (malignant cells)

52
Q

opportunistic infection

A

any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

53
Q

stroke

A

sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury (loss of blood flow) to an area of the brain, aka CVA

54
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders, cancers, or infectious diseases or to gather cells for later infusion into a patient (bone marrow transplantation)

55
Q

Complete blood count

A

series of blood tests to determine general health status as screening for infection, anemias, and other diseases, aka CBC

56
Q

ELISA

A

Test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease-causing substances

57
Q

Lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region

58
Q

Tissue typing

A

technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient’s tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing

59
Q

Western blot

A

test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as we as detecting other viruses

60
Q

blood transfusion

A

administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease

61
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy and replaced from a healthy donor to simulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers

62
Q

lumphangiectomy

A

removal of a lymph vessel

63
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent or delate blood coagulation

64
Q

immunization

A

vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease

65
Q

immunosuppressants

A

suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the profession of autoimmune disease

66
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve a blood clots

67
Q

vaccination

A

introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease

68
Q

A, B, AB, O

A

blood types in ABO blood group

69
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

70
Q

CA

A

cancer

71
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

72
Q

CBC

A

complete blood clot

73
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

74
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

75
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

76
Q

KS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

77
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocytis pneumonia; primary care physician; phencylidine (hallucinogen)

78
Q

RBC, rbc

A

red blood cell

79
Q

SLE

A

Systematic lupus erythematosus

80
Q

WBC, wbc

A

white blood cell

81
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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