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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Chapter 12: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

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2
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

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3
Q

articulate

A

site of contact between two bones; aka joint

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4
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle

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5
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

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6
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

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7
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

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8
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia

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9
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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10
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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11
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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12
Q

muscul/o

my/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

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14
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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15
Q

cervic/o

A

neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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16
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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17
Q

carni/o

A

cranium (skull)

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18
Q

humer/o

A

humorous (upper arm bone)

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19
Q

metacarp/o

A

matacarpus (hand bones)

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20
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

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21
Q

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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22
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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23
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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24
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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25
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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26
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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27
Q

pelv/i

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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28
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

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29
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

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30
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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31
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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32
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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33
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

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34
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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35
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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36
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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37
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

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38
Q

-clast

A

to break

39
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

40
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

41
Q

dia-

A

through, across

42
Q

peri-

A

around

43
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and deliberation, including Dechenne dystrophy (most common form)

44
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

45
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; aka musculotendinous rotator cuff injury

46
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

47
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

48
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendonitis

49
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck, aka wryneck

50
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain swelling, and commonly, changes in structure

51
Q

gouty

A

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; aka gout

52
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage

53
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic, systematic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility

54
Q

bunion

A

deformity characterized by later deviation of the great toe as it turns toward the second tow (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

55
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the medial nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

56
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

57
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

58
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops form bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

59
Q

fracture

A

any break in the bone

60
Q

ganglion cyst

A

noncancerous, jelly-like fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joins of the wrist or hands, but may also appear in the feet

61
Q

herniated disk

A

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae; aka prolapsed disk

62
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow

63
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

64
Q

Paget disease

A

abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sits that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs; aka osteitis deformans

65
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; aka rachitis

66
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

67
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity in which the great tow is angles laterally toward other toes; aka clubfoot

68
Q

spinal curvatures

A

abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

69
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; aka hunchback

70
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

71
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease or arthritis

72
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

73
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; aka rheumatoid spondylitis

74
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; aka spinal cord compression

75
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; aka partial dislocation

76
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

77
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using thing, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures

78
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

79
Q

total hip arthroplasty

A

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with protheses that are fastened into the bone; aka total hip replacement

80
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum

81
Q

bone reabsorption

A

reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

82
Q

gold salts

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression

83
Q

muscle relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

84
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions such as sprains and strains, and inflammation disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendonitis

85
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

86
Q

Fx

A

fracture

87
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk)

88
Q

L1, L2, to L5

A

first lumbar, second lumbar, and so on

89
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

90
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

91
Q

NSAIDs

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

92
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

93
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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