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Fundamentals OTH 201 > Chap 5: Cardio. system > Flashcards

Chap 5: Cardio. system Flashcards

1
Q

angioplasty

A

Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow int he artery

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2
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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3
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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4
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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5
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

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6
Q

congenital

A

pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

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7
Q

veins

A

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

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8
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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9
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widening, widened blood vessels

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10
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

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11
Q

aneurysm/ ectomy

A

excision of an aneurysm (to repair a weak area in the aorta that is likely to rupture if left in place)

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12
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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13
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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14
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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15
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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16
Q

scler

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

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17
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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18
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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19
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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20
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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21
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

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22
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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23
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

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24
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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25
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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26
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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27
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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28
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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29
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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30
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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31
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to; sugar

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32
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

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33
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction, twitching

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34
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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35
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of heart or brain)

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37
Q

inter-

A

between

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38
Q

-cardi

A

heart condition

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39
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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40
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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41
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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42
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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43
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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44
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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45
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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46
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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47
Q

brady-

A

slow

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48
Q

endo-

A

in, within

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49
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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50
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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51
Q

peri-

A

around

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52
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital) – the larger the aneurysm becomes, the greater the risk of rupture

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53
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

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54
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

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55
Q

a-

A

without, not

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56
Q

rrhythm

A

rhythm

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57
Q

-ia

A

condition

58
Q

fibrillation

A

arrhythmia in which there is rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

59
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries

60
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage

61
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

62
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

63
Q

embol

A

embolus (plug)

64
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

65
Q

heart block

A

disease of the electrical system of he heart which controls activity of heart muscle

66
Q

first-degree (heart block)

A

atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

67
Q

second-degree (heart block)

A

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

68
Q

third-degree (heart block)

A

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)

69
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance

70
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, to the heart

71
Q

hyper

A

excessive, above normal

72
Q

-tension

A

to stretch

73
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow

74
Q

isch

A

to hold back

75
Q

-emia

A

blood

76
Q

mitral value prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve doesn’t close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

77
Q

Murmur

A

abnormal sound heart on auscultation caused by defects int he valves or chambers of the heart

78
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack

79
Q

my/o

A

muscle

80
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

81
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

82
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon

83
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

84
Q

Stroke

A

Damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

85
Q

Thromus

A

a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot

86
Q

thromb

A

blood clot

87
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

88
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs

89
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but doesn’t cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke int he future; also called ministroke

90
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a large vein or artery, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart: used to inject a contrast medium for imagining, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining blood samples, or measuring pressure within the heart, and often includes interventional procedures such as anioplasty and atherectomy

91
Q

Cardiac enzyme studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

92
Q

Doppler ultrasonography

A

ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke

93
Q

Echnocardiography

A

ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and valves are working to to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

94
Q

echo-

A

repeated sound

95
Q

electrocardiogrpahy

A

creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography

96
Q

holter monitor

A

Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hrs) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities

97
Q

stress test

A

electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

98
Q

nuclear

A

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

99
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures protein released int other blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)

100
Q

Angioplasty

A

surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

101
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a device (defibrillator); also called defibrillation

102
Q

-version

A

turning

103
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

104
Q

defibrillator

A

device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm

105
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

A

surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defbrillator (ICD)

106
Q

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

107
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

108
Q

end-

A

in within

109
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

110
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

111
Q

endovenous laser therapy

A

treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)

112
Q

endo

A

in, within

113
Q

ven

A

vein

114
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

115
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

116
Q

valvuloplasty

A

insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty

117
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent clotting or coagulation of blood

118
Q

beta blockers

A

slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure

119
Q

nitrates

A

relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)

120
Q

statins

A

reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

121
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

122
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

123
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

124
Q

AICD

A

automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

125
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

126
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

127
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

128
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

129
Q

CT

A

computed tomogrpahy

130
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

131
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle

132
Q

EVLT

A

endovenous laser therpay; endoluminal laser therpay

133
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

134
Q

HF

A

heart failure

135
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

136
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

137
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

138
Q

MVP

A

mitral vale prolapse

139
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

140
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

141
Q

US

A

ultrasound, ultrasonography

Fundamentals OTH 201 (13 decks)

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