Chemistry: Reactions And Equations Flashcards
Neutralizing reactions
Provide 3 examples of neutralization with hydroxide
HCl+ NaOH= H2O+NaCl
H2SO4+Ba(OH)2=2H2O+BaSO4
H3PO4+3KOH=3H2O+K3PO4
Neutralization reactions
Can carbonate also neutralize?
Yes Acids can also be neutralized
Neutralization reaction
How many steps is in neutralization with carbonate?
This is a two step process
Neutralization reaction
What happens in the first step? Provide an example.
In the first step a double displacement reaction occurs between the acid and the carbonate to form carbonic acid and a salt.
Acid+carbonate=carbonic acid+ salt
Combustion reactions
When does an incomplete combustion occur?
This occurs when there is not enough oxygen available for complete combustion
Combustion reactions
Are hydrocarbons part of complete or incomplete combustion?
Incomplete
Combustion reaction
What is one side effect of hydrocarbon fuels?
The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels contributes tones of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is suspected of contributing to climate change and is known to acidity the oceans
Combustion reactions
Write the word, skeleton and chemical equation of the combustion of a hydrocarbon of butane used in butone lighter?
Butane+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water
Skeleton: C4H10O2=Co2+H2O
Chemical: 2C4H10+13O2=8CO2+10H2O
Combustion reactions
How can the combustion of a hydrocarbon generally be represented as?
Hydrocarbon+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water vapour.
Combustion reactions
Are hydrocarbons used today?
They are the most important fuels used today.
Combustion reactions
What are the hydrocarbon fuels?
Are compounds that are made only from the elements hydrogen and carbon and are found in oils, coal and natural gas.
Combustion reactions
What is the general word equation for combustions?
Fuel+oxygen=oxides of the fuel
Combustion reactions
What is a combustion reaction?
Combustion is a very rapid reaction of a substance known as the fuel with oxygen
Combustion reactions
How are chemical reactions classified?
Bases on different categories based on patterns in the reactants and products
Chemical equations
Write a word and chemical equations representing the reaction between sodium and chlorine gas to produce sodium chloride
Sodium+chlorine gas=sodium chloride
2Na+Cl2=2NaCl
Chemical equations
Is a chemical equations and a skeleton equation the same thing?
Yes a chemical equation is just a balanced skeleton equations
Chemical equations
Can you balance an equation by changing the chemical formula?
NEVER EVER
Chemical equations
How do you balance a chemical equation?
To balance an equation we add a whole number coefficient in from of the chemical formula.
Chemical equations
Do the number of atoms of each element need to be the same on both sides
Yes both sides must be equal for example
2H2+O2=2H2O
Chemical equations
Why is the law of conservation of mass relevant?
This is because in a chemical reaction, atoms can be neither created or destroyed.
Chemical equations
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Is a rule that states in any chemical reaction, the mass of the products must be equal to the mass of the reactants
Chemical equations
Give 2 examples of skeleton equations
H2+O2=H2O
Na+Cl2=NaCl
Chemical equations
What is a skeleton equation
A skeleton equation is an equation in which the name of the compounds have been replaced with chemical symbols
Combustion reactions
What is carbon monoxide?
Is a poisonous Colorless odourless gas
Combustion reactions
What is responsible for the black soot seen from fires?
The carbon is responsible
Combustion reactions
What is the chemical and word equations for the incomplete combustion of methane?
Methane+oxygen=carbon dioxide+carbon monoxide+water
4CH4+6O2=2Co+C+8H2O
Or
5CH4+7O2=CO2+2CO+2C+10H2O
Single and double displacement reactions
What happens in a single displacement?
An element to reacts with an ionic compound
Single displacement
What happens during this reaction?
The well element becomes part of the compound while one of the elements in the ionic compound becomes an element by itself
Double displacement
Will the reactants always be compounds?
Yes! Will always be ionic compounds
Double displacement
What form do these reactants usually form?
A solid
Double displacement
Provide 2 examples of double displacement reaction
Mg(OH)2+2AgNO3=Mg(NO3)2+AgOH
Synthesis
When does a synthesis reaction occur?
Whenever two element or simple compounds combine to form a more complete products
Synthesis
What is the general equation?
A+B=C
Synthesis
Provide 2 examples of synthesis
2H2+O2=2H2O
2Na+Cl2=2NaCl
2Mg+O2=2MgO
Decomposition
What does a decomposition reaction involve?
The splitting of a single reactant into two or more substances
Decomposition
What is the general equation?
A=B+C
Decomposition
Provide 2 examples of decomposition.
2H2O=2H2+O2
2Nl3=N2+3I2
Decomposition
does decomposition require heat or electricity?
Usually but not always
Combustion reaction
What four products does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
carbon
water
Chemical equations
What is a word equation?
It i an equation represented by the names of the chemicals
Chemical equations
What symbol do we use to separate the products?
Anarrow known as ‘produces’ ‘yeilds’ or ‘names’
Chemical equations
What is the left side of the equation called?
The products or newly produced materials.
Chemical equations
What are the left side of the equation called?
reactants, also known as the starting materials
Chemical equations
How can chemical reactants be represented?
Using:
word equations
skeleton equations
chemical equations
Chemical equations
Provide 2 examples of word equations for:
hydrogen+oxygen=?
Sodium+Chlorine=?
Hydrogen gas+Oxygen gas=water
Sodium+Chlorine gas=sodium chloride
Neutralizing reactions
What 2 way effectively neutralize acid?
use hydroxide
use a carbonate
Neutralizing reactions
What happens during a neutralization reactions?
During a neutralization reaction an acid reacts with a base to produce a solution with a pH closer to 7 than its reactants
Neutralization reactions
What is a neutralization reaction?
Neutralization reactions are a special case of double displacement reactions
Neutralization reaction
Whats the general pattern for neutralization with hydroxide?
Acid+base=water+ionic compound
Neutralization reactions
What happens in a neutralization with hydroxide reaction?
In this type of reaction the hydrogen ion is from the acid combined with hydroxide to produce liquid water
Neutralization reactions
What happens with the remaining components of the acid and base in a neutralization with hydroxide?
The remaining components of the acid and base combine to form an ionic compound commonly referred to as salt.
Neutralization with carbonate
Is the carbonic acids that is formed stable?
No its unstable, in solutions at room pressure and rapidly undergo decomposition carbon dioxide and water
Neutralization reaction
What is the general or overall reaction in neutralization with carbonate?
Acid+carbonate=water+carbon dioxide+salt
Neutralization with carbonate
Provide 2 examples of neutralization with carbonate
2HCl+NaCo3=H2O+Co2+2NaCl
H2So4+BaCo3=H2O+Co2+BaSo4
