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Science > Chemistry: Reactions And Equations > Flashcards

Chemistry: Reactions And Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

Neutralizing reactions

Provide 3 examples of neutralization with hydroxide

A

HCl+ NaOH= H2O+NaCl

H2SO4+Ba(OH)2=2H2O+BaSO4

H3PO4+3KOH=3H2O+K3PO4

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2
Q

Neutralization reactions

Can carbonate also neutralize?

A

Yes Acids can also be neutralized

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3
Q

Neutralization reaction

How many steps is in neutralization with carbonate?

A

This is a two step process

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4
Q

Neutralization reaction

What happens in the first step? Provide an example.

A

In the first step a double displacement reaction occurs between the acid and the carbonate to form carbonic acid and a salt.

Acid+carbonate=carbonic acid+ salt

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5
Q

Combustion reactions

When does an incomplete combustion occur?

A

This occurs when there is not enough oxygen available for complete combustion

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6
Q

Combustion reactions

Are hydrocarbons part of complete or incomplete combustion?

A

Incomplete

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7
Q

Combustion reaction

What is one side effect of hydrocarbon fuels?

A

The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels contributes tones of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is suspected of contributing to climate change and is known to acidity the oceans

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8
Q

Combustion reactions

Write the word, skeleton and chemical equation of the combustion of a hydrocarbon of butane used in butone lighter?

A

Butane+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water

Skeleton: C4H10O2=Co2+H2O

Chemical: 2C4H10+13O2=8CO2+10H2O

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9
Q

Combustion reactions

How can the combustion of a hydrocarbon generally be represented as?

A

Hydrocarbon+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water vapour.

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10
Q

Combustion reactions

Are hydrocarbons used today?

A

They are the most important fuels used today.

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11
Q

Combustion reactions

What are the hydrocarbon fuels?

A

Are compounds that are made only from the elements hydrogen and carbon and are found in oils, coal and natural gas.

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12
Q

Combustion reactions

What is the general word equation for combustions?

A

Fuel+oxygen=oxides of the fuel

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13
Q

Combustion reactions

What is a combustion reaction?

A

Combustion is a very rapid reaction of a substance known as the fuel with oxygen

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14
Q

Combustion reactions

How are chemical reactions classified?

A

Bases on different categories based on patterns in the reactants and products

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15
Q

Chemical equations

Write a word and chemical equations representing the reaction between sodium and chlorine gas to produce sodium chloride

A

Sodium+chlorine gas=sodium chloride

2Na+Cl2=2NaCl

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16
Q

Chemical equations

Is a chemical equations and a skeleton equation the same thing?

A

Yes a chemical equation is just a balanced skeleton equations

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17
Q

Chemical equations

Can you balance an equation by changing the chemical formula?

A

NEVER EVER

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18
Q

Chemical equations

How do you balance a chemical equation?

A

To balance an equation we add a whole number coefficient in from of the chemical formula.

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19
Q

Chemical equations

Do the number of atoms of each element need to be the same on both sides

A

Yes both sides must be equal for example

2H2+O2=2H2O

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20
Q

Chemical equations

Why is the law of conservation of mass relevant?

A

This is because in a chemical reaction, atoms can be neither created or destroyed.

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21
Q

Chemical equations

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Is a rule that states in any chemical reaction, the mass of the products must be equal to the mass of the reactants

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22
Q

Chemical equations

Give 2 examples of skeleton equations

A

H2+O2=H2O

Na+Cl2=NaCl

23
Q

Chemical equations

What is a skeleton equation

A

A skeleton equation is an equation in which the name of the compounds have been replaced with chemical symbols

24
Q

Combustion reactions

What is carbon monoxide?

A

Is a poisonous Colorless odourless gas

25
Q

Combustion reactions

What is responsible for the black soot seen from fires?

A

The carbon is responsible

26
Q

Combustion reactions

What is the chemical and word equations for the incomplete combustion of methane?

A

Methane+oxygen=carbon dioxide+carbon monoxide+water

4CH4+6O2=2Co+C+8H2O

Or

5CH4+7O2=CO2+2CO+2C+10H2O

27
Q

Single and double displacement reactions

What happens in a single displacement?

A

An element to reacts with an ionic compound

28
Q

Single displacement

What happens during this reaction?

A

The well element becomes part of the compound while one of the elements in the ionic compound becomes an element by itself

29
Q

Double displacement

Will the reactants always be compounds?

A

Yes! Will always be ionic compounds

30
Q

Double displacement

What form do these reactants usually form?

A

A solid

31
Q

Double displacement

Provide 2 examples of double displacement reaction

A

Mg(OH)2+2AgNO3=Mg(NO3)2+AgOH

32
Q

Synthesis

When does a synthesis reaction occur?

A

Whenever two element or simple compounds combine to form a more complete products

33
Q

Synthesis

What is the general equation?

A

A+B=C

34
Q

Synthesis

Provide 2 examples of synthesis

A

2H2+O2=2H2O

2Na+Cl2=2NaCl

2Mg+O2=2MgO

35
Q

Decomposition

What does a decomposition reaction involve?

A

The splitting of a single reactant into two or more substances

36
Q

Decomposition

What is the general equation?

A

A=B+C

37
Q

Decomposition

Provide 2 examples of decomposition.

A

2H2O=2H2+O2

2Nl3=N2+3I2

38
Q

Decomposition

does decomposition require heat or electricity?

A

Usually but not always

39
Q

Combustion reaction

What four products does incomplete combustion produce?

A

Carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
carbon
water

40
Q

Chemical equations

What is a word equation?

A

It i an equation represented by the names of the chemicals

41
Q

Chemical equations

What symbol do we use to separate the products?

A

Anarrow known as ‘produces’ ‘yeilds’ or ‘names’

42
Q

Chemical equations

What is the left side of the equation called?

A

The products or newly produced materials.

43
Q

Chemical equations

What are the left side of the equation called?

A

reactants, also known as the starting materials

44
Q

Chemical equations

How can chemical reactants be represented?

A

Using:
word equations
skeleton equations
chemical equations

45
Q

Chemical equations

Provide 2 examples of word equations for:

hydrogen+oxygen=?
Sodium+Chlorine=?

A

Hydrogen gas+Oxygen gas=water

Sodium+Chlorine gas=sodium chloride

46
Q

Neutralizing reactions

What 2 way effectively neutralize acid?

A

use hydroxide

use a carbonate

47
Q

Neutralizing reactions

What happens during a neutralization reactions?

A

During a neutralization reaction an acid reacts with a base to produce a solution with a pH closer to 7 than its reactants

48
Q

Neutralization reactions

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

Neutralization reactions are a special case of double displacement reactions

49
Q

Neutralization reaction

Whats the general pattern for neutralization with hydroxide?

A

Acid+base=water+ionic compound

50
Q

Neutralization reactions

What happens in a neutralization with hydroxide reaction?

A

In this type of reaction the hydrogen ion is from the acid combined with hydroxide to produce liquid water

51
Q

Neutralization reactions

What happens with the remaining components of the acid and base in a neutralization with hydroxide?

A

The remaining components of the acid and base combine to form an ionic compound commonly referred to as salt.

52
Q

Neutralization with carbonate

Is the carbonic acids that is formed stable?

A

No its unstable, in solutions at room pressure and rapidly undergo decomposition carbon dioxide and water

53
Q

Neutralization reaction

What is the general or overall reaction in neutralization with carbonate?

A

Acid+carbonate=water+carbon dioxide+salt

54
Q

Neutralization with carbonate

Provide 2 examples of neutralization with carbonate

A

2HCl+NaCo3=H2O+Co2+2NaCl

H2So4+BaCo3=H2O+Co2+BaSo4

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