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Science > Chemistry: anything with ions acids or compounds > Flashcards

Chemistry: anything with ions acids or compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Type:acid precipitation

What is the normal PH of rain water?

A

Rain water is naturally acidic and has a pH of around 5.6

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2
Q

Type: Acid precipitation

What causes acidity in the rain?

A

The acidity is due to dissolved carbon dioxide in the water, which reacts to form carbonic acid

CO2+H2O- H2CO3

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3
Q

Type:Acid Precipitation

What does nitrogen dioxide react with water to produce?

A

Nitric and nitrous acid

2NO2+H2O-HNO3+HNO2

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4
Q

Type: Acid precipitation

What is another major source of acid precipitation?

A

Sulphurs dioxide

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5
Q

Type: Acids and bases

Are acids reactive?

A

Very reactive solutions that will react with metals, carbonate compounds and bases

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6
Q

Type:Acids and Bases

Why do acids have those specific properties?

A

These properties are due to the presence of hydrogen ions H+ which form whenever an acid dissolved in water

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7
Q

Type Acids and Bases

Due to the Ions Present, are Acids good conductors of electricity?

A

Yes (electrolytes)

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8
Q

Type Acids

Why must Acids be used carefully?

A

Acids must be used carefully as some acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid are very corrosive in concentrated form

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9
Q

Type Acids and Bases

How can you identify common acids?

A

Because they start with hydrogen

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10
Q

Type Acids and Bases

What are Bases?

A

Bases are bitter tasting water soluble substances that feel slippery to the skin.

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11
Q

Acids and bases

What do Bases form when they dissolve in water?

A

Hydroxide Ions

OH-

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12
Q

Acids and bases

Are Bases good conductors of electricity?

A

Yes electrolytes

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13
Q

Acids and bases

What are Bases often described as?

A

Being Alkaline

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14
Q

Acids and bases

What do Bases so when reacting with protein?

A

Break down into smaller molecules

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15
Q

Acids and bases

What are Acids?

A

Acids are sour tasting water soluble substances that can be found in many common products and foods

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16
Q

Diatomic element

Is there any diatomic elements that are metals?

A

No all diatomic elements are gases

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17
Q

Diatomic elements

Is hydrogen a diatomic elements

A

Yes hydrogen gas is a diatomic elements

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18
Q

Diatomic elements

Is exenon gas a diatomic elements?

A

No it is not

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19
Q

Diatomic elements

Is oxygen gas and nitrogen gas a diatomic elements

A

Yep they are

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20
Q

Diatomic elements

Is fluorine and chlorine a diatomic element?

A

Yes!

F2 and Cl2

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21
Q

Diatomic element

Is bromine gas and iodine gas diatomic elements?

A

Yes!

I2 and Br2

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22
Q

Diatomic elements

What is the endings of the diatomic elements?

A

Always end in -gen or -ine

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23
Q

Diatomic elements

What is a diatomic element?

A

A naturally existing as two atoms of the same element bond together

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24
Q

Covalent and molecular compounds

Show the formation of a molecular compound using 2 oxygen atoms.

A

Double covalent bond

In photos number 1

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25
Q

Covalent and molecular compounds

Do two non metals forming a chemical bond,create ions?

A

No they don’t.

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26
Q

Molecular and covalent compounds

What is a covalent bond?

A

Non metals share pairs of electrons to form a covalent bond so that each atom has a full putter shell

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27
Q

Molecular and covalent bonds

What are covalently bonded compounds called?

A

Molecules

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28
Q

Covalent bonds and molecular compounds

Show the formation of a molecular compound using two hydrogen atoms what type of bond is this?

A

A single covalent bond

See photos for diagram. Photo 2

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29
Q

Covalent bonds and molecular compounds

What happens when a metal and a nonmetal react to form a compound?

A

They transfer electrons to form ions resulting in an ionic bond

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30
Q

Ionic compounds

Examples of formulas for:
Calcium bromide
Beryllium nitride

A

CaBr2

Be3N2

31
Q

Ionic compounds

What are the 5 steps to find the formula of an ionic compound?

A
  1. Wrote the symbols of the ions
  2. Write the charge of each ion on top of the symbol
  3. Find the lowest common multiple for the two charges in the compound.
  4. Add a subscript if needed to the action to indicate how many are needed to make the required charge.
  5. Ads a subscript to the anion if needed.
32
Q

Ionic compounds

Write the chemical formula for:

Sodium chloride

Calcium oxide

Magnesium fluoride

A

NaCl

CaO

MgF2

33
Q

Multivalent ions

Give an example of a metal and non metal with a valence of 1

A

Sodium and chloride ions have a valence if 1

34
Q

Multivalent ions

What does the valence of an object represent?

A

The valence of an Ion is the value of the charge

35
Q

Polyatomic ions

What is the name and charge of NO3?

A

Nitrate and it has a 1- charge

36
Q

Atoms and ion formation

What is an Atom?

A

Atoms are electrically neutral particles because they must have the same number of positive and negative electrons

37
Q

Atom and Ion formation

How do elements react to make a compound?

A

They can either gain or lose one or more electrons in their valence (outermost shell)

38
Q

Atoms and Ions

How do you remember what charge a cat-ion is?

A

Cats have paws so they are positive

39
Q

Atoms and Ions

How do metals form positive ions? (Cations)

A

They form positive ions by losing electrons

40
Q

Atoms and Ions

Provide and example of sodium becoming a cation

A

Check picture 3

41
Q

Atoms and Ions

How do non metals form anions?

A

By GAINING electrons

42
Q

Atoms and Ions

What is an Anion?

A

An anion is a Neg ion made by non metals

43
Q

Atoms and Ions

What change to the ending of it’s name do we add to anions? Examples.

A

You add the ending -ide

Examples: 
Fluoride 
Chloride 
Oxide 
Nitride
44
Q

Polyatomic ions

What polyatomic ion has a charge of 3- and what is the formula and name

A

Phosphate

PO4

45
Q

Polyatomic ions

What is the formula and charge of sulphate?

A

So4 and has a charge of 2-

46
Q

Polyatomic ions

What is the name and charge of chlorate?

A

ClO3 and has a 1- charge

47
Q

Polyatomic ions

What is the name and charge of OH?

A

Hydroxide and it has a 1- charge

48
Q

Polyatomic ions

How can you tell it’s polyatomic by its name?

A

It would end in -ate not -ide except hydroxide

49
Q

Polyatomic ions

Write the formula for sodium sulphate

A

Na 1+. SO4 2- LCM=2

Na2SO4

50
Q

Polyatomic ions

Name the following compound

CuSO4

Al2(SO4)3

A

Copper (2) sulphate

Aluminum sulphate

51
Q

Ionic compounds

When naming a compound what comes first? Cation or anion?

A

The cation than the anion

52
Q

Ionic compounds

What is the purpose of a subscript?

A

If two or more of the same ions are present, we add a small number called a subscript to show this.

53
Q

Ionic compounds

Why do we use chemical symbols?

A

We use chemical symbols to represent the formula of an ionic compound instead of drawing Bohr diagrams

54
Q

Ionic compounds

Are all compounds electrically neutral? What does that mean? Examples.

A

All ionic compounds are electrically neutral, so all the electrons lost by the cations must regained by the ions

55
Q

Ionic compounds

How do ionic compounds work? Provide an example.

A

When an ionic compound is formed the electrons lost by the cation re gained by the anion.

56
Q

Ionic compound

How is an Ionic bond created?

A

Created by the electrostatic attraction between a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.

57
Q

Ionic compound

What is a chemical bond?

A

An attractive force between two atoms which hold them together in a compound.

58
Q

Atoms and Ions

Does a metal atom lose all of its electrons in the outermost shell or just one?

A

It looses them all from the outermost shell.

59
Q

Atoms and Ions

What is the octet rule?

A

The octet rule is a rule that states that a full valence she means that gas is stable and means stability.

60
Q

Atoms and Ions

What are noble gases so unreactive?

A

Because they have a full outermost shell. Valence shell.

61
Q

Atoms and Ions

What group is the most stable on the periodic table?

A

Noble gases

62
Q

Atoms and Ions

Draw an example of an Ions of fluorine

A

(Photo numbed 4)

63
Q

Multivalence

What do metals in group 1 and 2 have in common and what do metals in ground 3 to 16 have in common in terms of valence.

A

Metals in group 1 and 2 have one valence. 3 to 16 have 2 or more valences.

64
Q

Multivalent ions

What are the six most common multivalent ions?

A

Iron, copper, gold, tin, lead, mercury.

65
Q

Multivalent ions

How do we show the charge of a multivalent ions in the name?

A

We would add a Roman number

66
Q

Multivalent ions

Provide examples of names for

Fe3+

Pb4+

Cu+

A

Iron 3

Lead 4

Copper 1

67
Q

Multivalent ions

Write the chemical formula for hydrogen bromide.

A

HgBr2

68
Q

Multivalent ions

How do you find the charge of a multivalent ions? Examples

A

First find the charge of the anions. Divide the value of the total charge evenly along all cations. Example

There are 2 oxygen ions for a total of 2x2-= 4

There must be 4 positive charges

Therefore the lead ions is 4+

The name is lead 4 oxide

69
Q

Multivalent ions

Write the formula for Iron 3 oxide

A

Fe 3+ O 2-

LCM= 6

fe2O3

70
Q

Polyatomic ions

What is a polyatomic ions?

A

Is made up from many atoms that act as a single ions has

71
Q

Polyatomic ions

What’s the formula and charge of carbonate?

A

CO3

2- charge

72
Q

Acid precipitation

What is produced when sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen

A

Sulphur trioxide.

SO3+H2O= H2SO4

73
Q

Acid precipitation

Do coal and natural gas also contain sulphur

A

Yes!

74
Q

Acid precipitation

What releases sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere?

A

Many industries process such as smelting of ores and the production of steel releases sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.

Science (16 decks)

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