Biology Urinary And Digestive Systems In Detail Flashcards
What is the urinary system?
Is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining the proper levels of water and electrolytes in the body
Urinary
The susbsgances filtered, are collected in what form?
The form of urine
What is the primary organs of the urinary system? where is it located?
Kidneys which is located just below the rib cage in the middle of the back.
Urinary
How are water and wastes moved in the kidneys?
By small filtering structures called nephrons
Urinary
Where does the urine go after the kidneys?
From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes, called ureters to the bladder
Urinary
What is the bladder? What does it do?
The bladder is a hollow balloon-shaped organ that stores urine until the brain signals the bladder that the person is ready to empty it.
Urinary
What happens to the urine after the bladder?
It is than passed out the body through the urethra
Urinary
When does a urinary track infection occur?
When bacteria enters the urinary tract infection and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys
Urinary
What are kidney stones? When do they form?
Are clumps of minerals that form when chemicals in the urine become concentrated enough to form a solid mass
Urinary
What does kidney failure result in?
Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood, requiring either dialysis or a kidney transplant
Digestive
What does the digestive system look like?
It’s essentially a long tube with two openings one at either end.
Digestive
What are the main organs in the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Digestive system
What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?
Liver, gall bladder and pancreas
Digestive
What is the entire digestive system lined with?
Epithelial tissue
Digestive system
What do some of the cels in the layer of epithelial tissue to do protect the digestive system?
Secrets mucus which protects the digestive tract and allows materials to pass through the system
What does the smooth muscle tissue in the digestive tubes do?
Slow rhythmic contractions, called peristalsis, which moves material through the digestive system
How many stages does the digestive system consist of?
4
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
Digestive
What does chewing food do?
Lubricates it with saliva
Digestive
What happens when the food is broken down and softened by saliva?
It is swallowed and passed to the esophagus
Digestive
What is the esophagus?
Is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Digestive
What is digestion?
The process which food is broken down for absorption
Digestive
Where does mechanical digestion begin?
In the mouth where food is chewed in to smaller prices and continues in the stomach
Digestive
Where does chemical digestion begin?
In the mouth as saliva adds proteins called enzymes to the food breaking it down
Digestive
What do enzymes in the stomach do?
Which further breaks down the molecules in the food
Digestive
What does digestion do?
Breaks down proteins into small molecules called amino acids
Digestive
What do amino acids do?
Builds proteins that it needs
Digestive system
What are fats broken down into?
Fatty acids
Digestive
What are fatty acids used for?
Used to make cell membranes and other structures within the cells of your body.
Digestive
What happens to the small food molecules once they are tiny?
They get absorbed
Digestive
Where does most of the nutrients from the food go?
The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients from the food including many vitamins and minerals.
Digestive
What does the large intestine absorb?
A few vitamins along with water
Digestive
Where does solid wastes go to get stored?
Large intestine into the rectum where it was stored
Digestive
What happens when the rectum is full?
Waste is eliminated through the anus
Digestive
How do the liver gall bladder and pancreas help with the digestion?
By supplying digestive enzymes
Digestive
What does the liver produce? Where is that stored? What does that do?
The liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and released to help break down fats.
What does the pancreas produce? What does this control?
The pancreas produces insulin which controls the concentration of glucose in the blood.
