Biology Urinary And Digestive Systems In Detail Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining the proper levels of water and electrolytes in the body

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2
Q

Urinary

The susbsgances filtered, are collected in what form?

A

The form of urine

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3
Q

What is the primary organs of the urinary system? where is it located?

A

Kidneys which is located just below the rib cage in the middle of the back.

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4
Q

Urinary

How are water and wastes moved in the kidneys?

A

By small filtering structures called nephrons

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5
Q

Urinary

Where does the urine go after the kidneys?

A

From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes, called ureters to the bladder

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6
Q

Urinary

What is the bladder? What does it do?

A

The bladder is a hollow balloon-shaped organ that stores urine until the brain signals the bladder that the person is ready to empty it.

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7
Q

Urinary

What happens to the urine after the bladder?

A

It is than passed out the body through the urethra

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8
Q

Urinary

When does a urinary track infection occur?

A

When bacteria enters the urinary tract infection and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys

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9
Q

Urinary

What are kidney stones? When do they form?

A

Are clumps of minerals that form when chemicals in the urine become concentrated enough to form a solid mass

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10
Q

Urinary

What does kidney failure result in?

A

Inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood, requiring either dialysis or a kidney transplant

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11
Q

Digestive

What does the digestive system look like?

A

It’s essentially a long tube with two openings one at either end.

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12
Q

Digestive

What are the main organs in the digestive system?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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13
Q

Digestive system

What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?

A

Liver, gall bladder and pancreas

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14
Q

Digestive

What is the entire digestive system lined with?

A

Epithelial tissue

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15
Q

Digestive system

What do some of the cels in the layer of epithelial tissue to do protect the digestive system?

A

Secrets mucus which protects the digestive tract and allows materials to pass through the system

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16
Q

What does the smooth muscle tissue in the digestive tubes do?

A

Slow rhythmic contractions, called peristalsis, which moves material through the digestive system

17
Q

How many stages does the digestive system consist of?

A

4

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

18
Q

Digestive

What does chewing food do?

A

Lubricates it with saliva

19
Q

Digestive

What happens when the food is broken down and softened by saliva?

A

It is swallowed and passed to the esophagus

20
Q

Digestive

What is the esophagus?

A

Is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

21
Q

Digestive

What is digestion?

A

The process which food is broken down for absorption

22
Q

Digestive

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

A

In the mouth where food is chewed in to smaller prices and continues in the stomach

23
Q

Digestive

Where does chemical digestion begin?

A

In the mouth as saliva adds proteins called enzymes to the food breaking it down

24
Q

Digestive

What do enzymes in the stomach do?

A

Which further breaks down the molecules in the food

25
Q

Digestive

What does digestion do?

A

Breaks down proteins into small molecules called amino acids

26
Q

Digestive

What do amino acids do?

A

Builds proteins that it needs

27
Q

Digestive system

What are fats broken down into?

A

Fatty acids

28
Q

Digestive

What are fatty acids used for?

A

Used to make cell membranes and other structures within the cells of your body.

29
Q

Digestive

What happens to the small food molecules once they are tiny?

A

They get absorbed

30
Q

Digestive

Where does most of the nutrients from the food go?

A

The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients from the food including many vitamins and minerals.

31
Q

Digestive

What does the large intestine absorb?

A

A few vitamins along with water

32
Q

Digestive

Where does solid wastes go to get stored?

A

Large intestine into the rectum where it was stored

33
Q

Digestive

What happens when the rectum is full?

A

Waste is eliminated through the anus

34
Q

Digestive

How do the liver gall bladder and pancreas help with the digestion?

A

By supplying digestive enzymes

35
Q

Digestive

What does the liver produce? Where is that stored? What does that do?

A

The liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and released to help break down fats.

36
Q

What does the pancreas produce? What does this control?

A

The pancreas produces insulin which controls the concentration of glucose in the blood.