Chemistry of Life

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

• the basic unit of matter

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

• the center of an atom where strong forces bind protons and neutrons together

Question 3

electron

Answer 3

• negatively charged particle in an atom. 1/1840 the mass of a proton

Question 4

element

Answer 4

• the pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

isotope

Answer 5

• atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

• a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

• bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 8

ion

Answer 8

• positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

• bond formed when atoms share electrons (instead of transferring them)

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

• the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds

Question 11

Van der Waals forces

Answer 11

• the slight attraction between molecules when they are close together (weak)

Question 12

hydrogen bond

Answer 12

• the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

Question 13

cohesion

Answer 13

• attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 14

adhesion

Answer 14

• attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 15

mixture

Answer 15

• a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

• type of mixture on which the ions and all of the components are evenly distributed

Question 17

solute

Answer 17

• the substance that is dissolved into a solution

Question 18

solvent

Answer 18

• the dissolving substance in a solution

Question 19

universal solvent

Answer 19

• a solvent that can dissolve more solvents than any other solvents; WATER

Question 20

suspension

Answer 20

• mixture of water and non-dissolved material

Question 21

pH Scale

Answer 21

• scale with values 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. 0 to 7 is acidic. pH 7 is neutral. 7 to 14 is basic.

Question 22

acid

Answer 22

• compound that forms H+ hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 23

base

Answer 23

• compound that produces hydroxide OH in a solution with a pH of more than 7

Question 24

buffer

Answer 24

• compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 25

monomer

Answer 25

• small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Question 26

polymer

Answer 26

• molecule composed of many monomers, makes up macromolecules

Question 27

Carbohydrate

Answer 27

• compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major sources of energy to the body

Question 28

Lipid

Answer 28

• macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 29

nucleotide

Answer 29

• subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; 5 - carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 30

nucleic acid

Answer 30

• macromolecule that contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 31

Protein

Answer 31

• macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by body for growth and repair, structure and support

Question 32

amino acid

Answer 32

• compounds with an amino group on one end and that’s carboxylic group on the other end

Question 33

chemical reaction

Answer 33

• process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 34

reactant

Answer 34

• elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 35

product

Answer 35

• elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Question 36

activation energy

Answer 36

• okay energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

Question 37

catalyst

Answer 37

• and Huckleberry substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 38

enzyme

Answer 38

• protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Question 39

substrate

Answer 39

• reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction